----------+----------------------------+---------------------------- Gallons | 24 Inch. | 30 Inch. discharged|--------------+-------------+--------------+------------- per |Veloc. in Pipe|Friction Loss|Veloc. in Pipe|Friction Loss minute. | per second. | in pounds. | per second. | in pounds. ----------+--------------+-------------+--------------+------------- 1,000 | 0.72 | 0.005 | 0.45 | 0.002 2,000 | 1.44 | 0.020 | 0.91 | 0.006 3,000 | 2.16 | 0.047 | 1.36 | 0.012 4,000 | 2.88 | 0.067 | 1.82 | 0.022 5,000 | 4.60 | 0.102 | 2.27 | 0.035 6,000 | 4.32 | 0.146 | 2.72 | 0.048 7,000 | 5.04 | 0.196 | 3.18 | 0.065 8,000 | 5.76 | 0.255 | 3.63 | 0.083 9,000 | 6.47 | 0.323 | 4.08 | 0.105 10,000 | 7.19 | 0.398 | 4.54 | 0.131 ----------+--------------+-------------+--------------+-------------
NOTE.—The velocity with which a liquid issues from an infinitely small orifice in the bottom or sides of a vessel that is kept full is equal to that which a heavy body would acquire by falling from the surface level to the level of the orifice.
TABLE SHOWING FRICTIONAL HEADS AT GIVEN RATES OF DISCHARGE IN CLEAN CAST IRON PIPES FOR EACH 1000 FEET OF LENGTH, CONDENSED FROM ELABORATE TABLES PREPARED BY MESSRS. GEO. A. ELLIS AND A. H. HOWLAND, CIVIL ENGINEERS, BOSTON, MASS.
-----------+-------------+----------------------+---------------------- | | 4-INCH PIPE. | 6-INCH PIPE. |U. S. gallons|--------+-------------+--------+------------- U. S. | discharged | | Friction | | Friction gallons | per |Velocity| Head. |Velocity| Head. discharged | twenty-four | in +------+------+ in +------+------ per minute.| hours. | Feet. | Feet.|Pounds| Feet. | Feet.|Pounds -----------+-------------+--------+------+------+--------+------+------ 25 | 36000 | .64 | .59| .26| .28 | .11| .05 50 | 72000 | 1.28 | 2.01| .87| .57 | .32| .14 100 | 144000 | 2.55 | 7.36| 3.19| 1.13 | 1.08| .47 150 | 216000 | 3.83 | 16.05| 6.95| 1.70 | 2.28| .99 200 | 288000 | 5.11 | 28.09| 12.17| 2.27 | 3.92| 1.70 250 | 360000 | 6.37 | 43.47| 18.83| 2.84 | 6.00| 2.60 300 | 432000 | 7.66 | 62.20| 26.94| 3.40 | 8.52| 3.69 350 | 504000 | 8.94 | 84.26| 36.50| 3.97 | 11.48| 4.97 400 | 576000 | 10.21 |109.68| 47.50| 4.54 | 14.89| 6.45 450 | 648000 | 11.49 |138.43| 59.96| 5.11 | 18.73| 8.11 500 | 720000 | 12.77 |170.53| 73.87| 5.67 | 23.01| 9.97 600 | 864000 | 15.32 |244.76|106.02| 6.81 | 32.89| 14.25 700 | 1008000 | 17.87 |332.36|143.98| 7.94 | 44.54| 19.08 800 | 1152000 | ... | ... | ... | 9.08 | 57.95| 25.10 900 | 1290000 | ... | ... | ... | 10.21 | 73.12| 31.67 1000 | 1440000 | ... | ... | ... | 11.35 | 90.05| 38.99 1200 | 1728000 | ... | ... | ... | 13.61 |129.20| 55.96 1400 | 2016000 | ... | ... | ... | 15.88 |175.38| 75.97 1600 | 2304000 | ... | ... | ... | 18.15 |228.62| 99.0 1800 | 2592000 | ... | ... | ... | 20.42 |288.90|125.14 2000 | 2880000 | ... | ... | ... | 22.69 |356.22|154.30 -----------+-------------+--------+------+------+--------+------+------