Transcribed from the 1890 Macmillan and Co. edition by David Price, email [email protected]
[Picture: Plate 1: Actinia Mesembryanthemum]
London MACMILLAN AND CO. AND NEW YORK 1890
_The Right of Translation and Reproduction is Reserved_
RICHARD CLAY AND SONS, LIMITED, LONDON AND BUNGAY.
_First Edition_ (Fcap. 8vo), May 1855. _Second Edition_, August 1855. _Third Edition_, 1856. _Fourth Edition_ (with Coloured Illustrations), 1859. _Fifth Edition_ (Crown 8vo), 1873. _Reprinted_ 1878, 1879, 1881, 1884, 1887, 1890.
I CANNOT forego the pleasure of dedicating this little book to you; excepting of course the opening exhortation (needless enough in your case) to those who have not yet discovered the value of Natural History. Accept it as a memorial of pleasant hours spent by us already, and as an earnest, I trust, of pleasant hours to be spent hereafter (perhaps, too, beyond this life in the nobler world to come), in examining together the works of our Father in heaven.
Your grateful and faithful brother-in-law,
_The basis of this little book was an Article which appeared in the_ _North British Review for November_ 1854.
BEYOND the shadow of the ship, I watch’d the water snakes: They moved in tracks of shining white, And when they rear’d, the elfish light Fell off in hoary flakes.
O happy living things! no tongue Their beauty might declare: A spring of love gush’d from my heart, And I bless’d them unware.
WOOD ENGRAVINGS. FIG. PAGE 1. Nymphon Abyssorum, NORMAN 81 2. Caprella spinosissima, NORMAN 83 3. Pentacrinus asteria, LINNÆUS 85 COLOURED PLATES. PLATE 1. 1. FLUSTRA LINEATA; (_a_) enlarged with polypes 73 protruding. 2. FLUSTRA FOLIACEA. 3. VALKERIA CUSCUTA; (_a_) natural size; (_b_) two tentacles; (_c_) tentacles bent inwards; (_d_) enlarged, showing the gradual eversion of the animal. 4. CRISIA DENTICULATA; (_a_) natural size. 5. GEMELLARIA LORIOATA; (_a_) natural size. 6. SERTULARIA ROSEA; (_a_) natural size. 7. CELLULARIA CILIATA; (_a_) natural size; (_b_) one of the bird’s heads; (_c_) cell and bird’s head, much enlarged. 8. CAMPANULARIA SYRINGA; (_a_) natural size. 9. CAMPANULARIA VOLUBILIS, enlarged. 10. SERIALARIA LENDIGERA. 11. NOTAMIA BURSARIA; (_a_) natural size; (_b_) two pairs of polype cells with the tobacco pipe appendages 2. 1. CARDIUM RUSTICUM, (TUBERCULATUM). 2. PAGURUS 65 BERNHARDI, in a Periwinkle Shell 3. 1. NEMERTIES BORLASII. 2. SABELLA? 3. 136 Sand-tube of TEREBELLA CONCHILEGA (_See Plate_ 8) 4. 1. SYNAPTA DIGITATA; (_a_) Ditto separating and 109 throwing out capsuliferous threads. 2. THALASSIMA NEPTUNI 5. 1. BALANOPHYLLEA REGIA, expanded; (_a_) Ditto, 117 contracted; (_b_) Ditto coral; (_c_) Ditto, tentacle enlarged; 2. CARYOPHYLLEA SMITHII partly expanded; (_a_) Ditto, section of bony plates; (_b_) Ditto, tentacle. 3. SAGARTIA ANGUICOMA closed; (_a_) Ditto, basal disc showing radiating septa. 4. SYNAPTA DIGITATA (_See Plate_ 4); (_a_, _b_) Ditto, fingered tentacles enlarged; (_c_) Ditto, Spiculæ; (_d_) Ditto, anchor lying on its transparent anchor-plate. 5. S. VITTATA? perforated anchor-plate; (_a_) Spicula 6. 1. ACTINIA MESEMBRYANTHEMUM, partially expanded; 135 (_a_) Ditto, closed. 2. BUNODES CRASSICORNIS. 3. CARYOPHYLLEA SMITHII _Front_ 7. 1. ECHINUS MILIARIS, creeping over Modiola 168 barbata. 2. Ditto, creeping up the glass. 3. Hiding under stones 8. 1. LITTORINA LITTOREA (_See Plate_ 9); (_a_) 201 operculum; (_b_) pallet; (_c_) part of pallet, magnified. 2. NASSA RETICULATA (_See Plate_ 11); (_a_) egg capsules; (_b_, _c_) fry; (_d_) shell of fry; (_e_) pallet, magnified. 3. PATELLA VULGARIS; (_a_) palate, natural size; (_b_, _c_) Ditto, enlarged. 4. ECHINUS MILIARIS (_See Plate_ 7); (_a_) teeth and digesting mill; (_b_) suckers, enlarged; (_c_) spine and socket; (_d_) shell denuded; (_e_) Pedicellaria. 5. NEMERTES BORLASII (_See Plate_ 3); (_a_) head, enlarged; (_b_) head expanded swallowing a Terebella 9. 1. CUCUMARIA HYNDMANNI. 2. LITTORINA LITTOREA. 114 3. SIPHUNCULUS BERNHARDUS in shell of TURRITELLA, with living BALANI 10. 1. SERPULA CONTORTUPLICATA. 2. HINNITES PUSIO. 129 3. DORIS REPANDA. 4. EOLIS PELLUCIDA. 5. PHOLADIDÆA PAPYRACEA. 6. PHOLAS PARVA. 7. FISSURELLA GRÆCA 11. 1. SYNGNATHUS LUMBRICIFORMIS. 2. SAXICAVA 163 RUGOSA; (_a_) Shell of SAXICAVA RUGOSA. 3. NASSA RETICULATA 12. 1. PEACHIA HASTATA. 2. URASTER RUBENS 92