The Makimuku ruins are ruins in Nara Prefecture Sakurai near Mount Miwa of the Yayoi Period.
It is designated as a national historic site .
It is an archaeological site that began in the 3rd century , and some researchers consider the area to be the birthplace of the Kofun system. There is a theory that they are the center of Yamatai country, and six ancient burial mounds such as Hashihaka Kofun are distributed.
Location and site outline
The name of the Archaeological site comes from the village of Makimuku in the former Isogi-gun, and the village name "Makimuku" was taken from the "Makimuku Tamaki Palace" of Suinin and the "Makimuku Hijiro Palace" of Emperor Keikō's "Tamaki Palace" and Emperor Hishiro Palace of Keikō,
As of 2011, the area of the site is known as the Karasuda River in the north, the Gomihara River in the south, the Makinochi area bordering the Yamanobe Road in the east, and the Higashida area in the west, which covers an area of about 3 square kilometers. On the map of the site, the area of the site is centered on JR Makimuki Station and stretches about 2 km from east to west and about 1.5 km from north to south, forming an oval shape with an area of 3 square kilometers.
The terrain is high in the east and low in the west. The streams of Mount Miwa, Makimukyamata and Anashiyama join the Makimuku River, and archaeological sites are formed on its alluvial fan. It has been confirmed that there was damage caused by a mudslide during the Jomon period. Perhaps because of this, no yayoi period settlements or moats have been detected at the site. Only fragments of Dōtaku and two have been found. A short distance to the south of the site, a large number of pottery shards dating to the middle and late Yayoi period have been excavated, as well as square moated tomb and pit dwelling. Also, many Yayoi period artifacts have been excavated from the southwest side. However, Yayoi earthenware of the late Kinai V style has been found in the northern lower layer of the north ditch and the gray clay layer of the site, and it is classified as "Garengi 1" in "Garengi chronology". Note that excavation, who was in charge of the Ishino Hironobu, assigned the calendar years 180 to 210 for "Garment 1".
The site is considered by some researchers to be the best candidate for the Kofun period, as it shows the transition from the Yayoi period to the Kofun period, and may be the site that proves the Yamatai Honshu Theory. In 2011, a part of another large building was found about 5 meters to the east of the large building ruins, and the building ruins may have been built in the late 3rd century or later.。
An Kibi-type ritual relic, the komon enban, has been excavated from the moat around the Ishizuka tumulus. At the end of the 4th century, after the peak, haniwa were excavated.
From the Asuka period to the Nara period, a city developed in this area and was called "Oichi". This is why the Hashihaka Tomb is referred to as "Oichi Tomb" in the Imperial Household Agency ruling. From the Nara period to the Heian period, the remains of wells, earthen defences and old river channels have been found. Pottery with ink-painted pottery and the word "Oichi" has also been found.
The remains were designated a national historic site on 17 October 2013 (Heisei 25) as the "Makimuku Site".。
Excavations
The site of Makimuku was first introduced by Minoru Doi in 1937 as the "Ohta Site" in "Yamato Shi".。Before it was called by its present name, it was known to the academic world as the "Ota Site" and "Katsuyama Site", and was recognized by researchers as one of a group of small sites, and did not attract any particular attention。However, a plan to build prefectural housing and a primary school to promote the employment of coal mine leavers was brought up, which led to a preliminary survey by Archaeological Institute of Kashihara to carry out a preliminary survey. As a result, a canal-like structure with a width of 5m, a depth of 1m, and a total length of more than 200m was found, and local Man'yōshū researcher Yoshinobu Yoshioka and others suggested that it might be the remains of the Makimukugawa River, which appears in Man'yōshū.。From the remains of the river, special vessel bases were excavated, which have been found at the Kibi Tate Tsuki and Miyakizaka sites. After the fifteenth survey in 1977, the research was transferred from the Archaeological Institute of Kashihara to the Sakurai As of December 2008, only 5% of the site had been excavated.。
In 2009 (Heisei 21), several Buildings were detected, and it has become clear that the site seems to be part of a City surrounded by Fortifications.