The South African Railways Class FC 2-6-2+2-6-2 of 1925 was an articulated steam locomotive.
In 1925, the South African Railways placed a single experimental Class FC Modified Fairlie articulated steam locomotive with a 2-6-2+2-6-2 Double Prairie type wheel arrangement in service.
Manufacturer
To obtain experience with another type of articulated locomotive similar to the Garratt design, Colonel F.R. Collins DSO, Chief Mechanical Engineer of the South African Railways (SAR), was authorised to experiment with a modified type of Fairlie locomotive. The sole experimental Class FC Double Prairie type Modified Fairlie locomotive was designed and built for the SAR by the North British Locomotive Company in 1924. It was numbered 2310 upon delivery during February 1925, but it was later renumbered to 670.
The Fairlie locomotive
The Fairlie locomotive was invented and patented in 1864 by the Scottish engineer Robert Francis Fairlie.
Double Fairlie
The first Fairlie locomotives later became known as Double Fairlies. In general appearance, most of them were reminiscent of the German-built Zwillinge which saw service on the narrow gauge lines in German South West Africa and other German territories. However, while the Zwillinge were pairs of individual locomotives which were semi-permanently coupled back-to-back, the Double Fairlie was a single locomotive with either a double-ended boiler or two separate boilers with smokeboxes at each end, a central firebox and a central cab, all mounted on one rigid frame. It ran on two swiveling engine units or powered bogies similar to those of a Garratt locomotive, with the cylinders on each engine unit at the respective locomotive ends. Couplers, buffers and, where they were in use, cowcatchers were mounted on the engine units so that they could more accurately follow the curvature of the track.
Single Fairlie
A variation of the Fairlie concept was the Single Fairlie, also known as the Mason Fairlie. The Single Fairlie design was essentially half a Double Fairlie. It retained the ability to negotiate sharp curves and while it abandoned the bidirectional nature of the Double Fairlie, it regained the ability of conventional locomotives to have a large water and coal bunker behind the cab and to use a trailing tender if necessary.
Early Single Fairlies were similar in appearance to regular tank locomotives. The whole engine and bunker or tender combination was mounted on a single rigid frame as on the conventional tank engine, but it differed by virtue of the fact that a pivoting engine unit was mounted under the boiler and an unpowered bogie under the bunker or tender.
Later models were similar in appearance to conventional tender locomotives. It was developed by William Mason in the United States of America, where the type became known as the Mason Bogie. It had one boiler, a cab and bunker at one end, a single engine unit or powered bogie under the boiler and an unpowered bogie under the cab and bunker. The illustration shows a Mason Bogie with an 0-6-6 wheel arrangement.
Modified Fairlie
The first Modified Fairlie was introduced in South Africa and was viewed as a competitor and alternative to the Garratt type. Colonel Collins displayed a distinct preference for articulated locomotives and the Modified Fairlie was acquired as an experimental locomotive in 1925 to compare its concept to that of the Garratt locomotive in terms of actual performance and maintenance requirements.
The Class FC Modified Fairlie was, in essence, an adaptation of the Kitson-Meyer concept. It was similar in appearance to a Garratt, but with the boiler, cab, coal and water bunkers all mounted on a single rigid frame which extended almost over the full length of the locomotive. This superstructure was supported on two engine units by means of pivots. The pivot centres were located approximately at the centre of the coupled wheelbase of each engine unit. In the Garratt design, by comparison, the coal and water bunkers are mounted directly on the engine units and pivot with them, while the boiler, firebox and cab are mounted on a rigid cradle frame which is suspended between the two engine units.