[272] Blount's Anc. Tenures, and Eyton's Antiq. of Shropshire, i. 180.
[290] Roll of Expenses of K. Edward I. at Rhuddlan Castle: Archæol. xvi., 47.
[293] "Hauber, chapel de feer, espe, cutel e cheval." Stat. of Winchester.
[295] "Parpoint, chapel de feer, espe e cutel." Ib.
[297] "Fans, gisarmes, e cotaus, e autres menues armes." Ib.
[298] These are the same equipments as before, only calculated by a money qualification instead of a landed property. The Winchester Statute has a similar provision.
[299] Here the Stat. of Winchester has an additional class: "Qui meins ad de chateux de vynt marcs, espees, cuteus e autres menues armes."
[300] "Arcs et setes hors de forestes, e dedenz forestes arcs et piles (_var._ pilets)." Stat. Win.
[305] "Culvertage means in plain English the penalty of being a turn-tail. The culprit was liable by law to the forfeiture of all property, and perpetual servitude." Lingard, Hist, of Eng. See also Ducange, v. Culvertagium.
[306] New Rymer, 444. See also Hallam's Middle Ages, vol. i. p. 170. ed. 1855.
[310] This circular formation, however, was no new invention. We have it in Cæsar: "Quum illi, _orbe facto_, sese defenderent, celeriter ad clamorem hominum circiter millia VI. convenerunt." Bell. Gall., L. 4.
[311] Fordun, xi. 34; Hemingford, 59-165; Walsingham, 75.
[313] Hist. _sub an._ 1256. See also the account of the Tartar warriors. M. Paris, _ad ann._ 1238, 1241, 1243.
[320] MS. Chronicle, cited by the Emperor of the French in the _Etudes sur l'Artillerie_, vol. i. p. 39.
[327] Rolandini: De factis in March. Tarvis., L. iv. c. 13.
[331] Tho. Archid. in Hist. Salonit., c. 28. Ducange, v. _Collarium_.
[334] Archæologia, vol. xvii. pp. 302, 304 and 305.
[335] Copied from the figure by Blore and Le Keux in Surtees' Durham, iij. 155.
[336] Add. MS. 6728. Kerrich Collections.
[337] Archæologia, vol. xvii. p. 302, seq.
[338] This illustration has been kindly lent by the Council of the Archæological Institute.
[339] Mémoires de la Soc. des Antiq. de France, t. xiii. p. 339.
[341] New Fœdera, vol. ii. pt. i. p. 203.
[344] Three sculptured effigies had already been noticed in England, having defences of Banded-mail, when in the course of a tour in the midland counties with an archæological friend, the Rev. Mr. Parke, of Lichfield, the writer had the good fortune to find, in the little church of Newton Solney in Derbyshire, the monument here figured. See Archæol. Journ., vol. vii. p. 360. The other statues are those at Tewkesbury, Dodford, Northants, and Tollard Royal, Wilts. The engraving of the Sulney effigy and the following three woodcuts illustrative of Banded-mail have been obligingly lent by the Central Committee of the Archæological Institute.