Rameh (; ; alternatively spelled ar-Rame or ar-Rama) is an Arab town in the Northern District of Israel. Located east of Nahf and Karmiel, in it had a population of . Over half of the inhabitants are Christians, mostly Greek Orthodox and Greek Catholic, over a third are Druze and the remainder are Muslims.
A village council was established for Rameh under the British in 1922, of the first in Mandatory Palestine. Rameh's Christian and Muslim residents were temporarily expelled after its capture by Israeli forces in the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, but they returned to the village, which also became home to many internally displaced Palestinians from nearby villages. A village council was established in 1954 by the Israeli government to oversee village affairs; from 1959 on, council members were elected. As of the 1960s, the people of Rameh have been noted for their high levels of education and standards of living. The village was home to the well-known poet Samih al-Qasim, the Greek Orthodox archbishop Atallah Hanna and artist Mira Awad.
The village is well known for its diverse cuisine, which draws many visitors from across the country. It is also noteworthy for being surrounded by vast olive groves and for producing high-quality olive oil.
Location
The village is situated on an ancient site, atop a hill at the edge of Beit HaKerem Valley.
History
Edward Robinson identifies Rameh with the ancient Ramah of Asher (), citing its location and ancient sarcophagi discovered on a hill outside the village as evidence.
Late antiquity
Rameh features ruins of several structures dating from the Late Roman and Byzantine periods. To the east are remains of Roman baths, dating to the 2nd to 4th century, and oil presses from the same period. South and southeast of the village, remains of building foundations were discovered, including an Aramaic inscription on a lintel, which indicate a 3rd to 4th-century synagogue. To the northeast of the Roman bath are the remains of a large basilica. It was excavated in 1972 and very large column bases were found, together with polychrome mosaics representing fauna and flora.
Many remains of pottery vessels dated to the Late Roman period (4th–5th centuries CE) have also been found, together with building remains from the Byzantine period.
Ottoman period
In 1517, Rameh was with the rest of Palestine incorporated into the Ottoman Empire after it was captured from the Mamluks, and by 1596, it was a village under the administration of the nahiya ("subdistrict") of Akka (Acre), part of Safad Sanjak, with a population of 96 households, all Muslim. It paid taxes on silk spinning (dulab harir), goats, beehives, and a press that was used for processing either olives or grapes, in addition to paying a fixed, or lump sum; a total 21,986 akçe. Half of the revenue went to a waqf (religious endowment).
A map from Napoleon's invasion of 1799 by Pierre Jacotin showed the place, named as "Ramah". Rameh was entirely destroyed in the Galilee earthquake of 1837, with 180 of its inhabitants killed. The following year, Rameh was noted as Christian and Druze village in the Shaghur district, located between Safed, Acre and Tiberias. Victor Guérin visited the village in 1875, and found it to have 800 inhabitants, half Christian and half Druze. In 1881 the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine (SWP) described it as "a village, built of stone, of good materials, containing a Greek chapel and about 600 Christians and 500 Druzes; it is situated in plains, with large olive-groves, gardens and vineyards; five perennial springs near the village, and several cisterns in it." A population list from about 1887 showed that Rameh had about 1,125 inhabitants; 575 Muslims, 425 Druze and 125 Greek Catholics.
British Mandatory period
Under the British Mandatory administration in Palestine, a municipal council was established for Rameh on 15 October 1922. In the 1922 census of Palestine, Rameh had a total population 847; 624 Christians, 195 Druze and 28 Muslims. Among the Christians, 474 were Greek Orthodox, 47 Roman Catholics, 102 Greek Catholic (Melkites) and one Maronite. The population increased in the 1931 census to 1,142 residents living in 254 houses. The religious breakdown of the population was 746 Christians, 326 Druze and 70 Muslims.
In the 1945 statistics Rameh had a population of 1,690; 1,160 Christians, 440 "others"(Druze), and 90 Muslims. with 24,516 dunams of land, according to an official land and population survey. Of this, 8,310 dunams were plantations and irrigable land, 3,078 used for grains, while 56 dunams were built-up land.