Born, 1239 = 1. Eleanor of Castile. | +---------+---------+---------+---+------+-----------------+ | | | | | | John. Henry. Alfonso. Edward II. Eleanor = Henry | d. 1271. d. 1274. d. 1284. of Bar. | | +------------------------------------------------------+ | +----+----------------+-------------------+ | | | Joan = Gilbert, Margaret = John of Elizabeth = 1. John of Earl of Brabant. Holland. Gloucester. 2. Humphrey de Bohun. = 2. Margaret of France. | +--------------+---------------+ | | Thomas, Earl of Norfolk. Edmund, Earl of Kent.
_Scotland._ | _France._ | _Germany._ | _Spain._ | | | Alexander III., | Philip III., | Rodolph, 1272. | Alphonso X., 1249. | 1270. | Adolphus, 1291. | 1252. Margaret, 1286. | Philip IV., | Albert, 1298. | Sancho IV., Interregnum, 1290. | 1285. | | 1284. Baliol, 1292. | | | Ferdinand IV., Interregnum, 1296. | | | 1295. Robert I., 1306. | | |
POPES.--Gregory X., 1271. Innocent V., 1276. Adrian V., 1276. John XX., 1276. Nicholas III., 1277. Martin IV., 1281. Honorius IV., 1285. Nicholas IV., 1288. Vacancy, two years. Celestine V., 1292. Boniface VIII., 1294. Benedict X., 1303. Vacancy, one year. Clement V., 1305.
_Archbishops._ | _Chancellors._ | _Chief-justices._ | | Robert Kilwardby, | Walter de Merton, 1272. | Ralph de Hengham, 1273-1278. | Robert Burnell, 1273-1292. | 1273-1289. John Peckham, | John Langton, 1292. | Gilbert de Thornton, 1279-1292. | William Greenfield, 1302. | 1289-1295. Robert Winchelsey, | William de Hamilton, 1304. | Roger Brabazon, 1295. 1294-1313. | Ralph de Baldock, 1307. |
[Sidenote: Edward’s peaceful accession. 1272.]
Edward was still abroad when the news of his father’s death was brought to him. His accession had been so long looked forward to as a happy termination to the difficulties of the last reign, that what might have been a dangerous crisis passed over peacefully. An assembly was summoned at Westminster, not only of the nobles, but also of the representatives of the lower estates, and there an oath of fidelity was taken to the absent King. Three prominent nobles seem to have assumed the position of governors; the Archbishop of York, as head of the clergy, Edmund of Cornwall, the King’s brother, as representative of the royalty, and Gilbert of Gloucester, as chief of the baronage. Under them the government pursued its old course. Hearing that things were going well in England, Edward did not hurry home. He returned by Sicily and Rome, where he induced the Pope to visit upon the young De Montforts the murder of Henry D’Almeyne, whom they had killed at Viterbo. Thence he passed into France, joined in a great tournament at Châlons, where jest was changed to earnest, and a rough skirmish ensued, known as the little battle of Châlons. True to his legal obligations, he did homage at Paris for his French dominions, demanding what as yet had not been fulfilled, the completion of the late definitive treaty in France: and after settling, not without application to the French King as feudal superior, his quarrels with Gaston de Bearn in Gascony, and establishing friendly relations with Flanders, he returned in 1274 to England, and there, on the 18th of August, was crowned and received the homage of his Barons, and that, among others, of Alexander III. of Scotland. Shortly after, he appointed as his chancellor Robert Burnell, who served him throughout his life as chief minister, while Anthony Beck, Bishop of Durham, was his chief agent in all diplomatic matters.