We establish the optimal order of Malliavin-type remainders in the asymptotic density approximation formula for Beurling generalized integers. Given $\alpha\in (0,1]$ and $c>0$ (with $c\leq 1$ if $\alpha=1$), a generalized number system is constructed with Riemann prime counting function $ \Pi(x)= \operatorname*{ Li}(x)+ O(x\exp (-c \log^{ \alpha} x ) +\log_{ 2}x), $ and whose integer counting function satisfies the extremal oscillation estimate $N(x)=\rho x + \Omega_{ \pm}(x\exp(- c'(\log x\log_{ 2} x)^{ \frac{ \alpha}{ \alpha+1}})$ for any $c'>(c(\alpha+1))^{ \frac{ 1}{ \alpha+1}}$, where $\rho>0$ is its asymptotic density. In particular, this improves and extends upon the earlier work [Adv. Math. 370 (2020), Article 107240].
Categories: math.NT math.CV