Gonzalo Arango Arias (Andes, Antioquia, 1931 – Gachancipá, Cundinamarca, 1976) was a Colombian writer, poet, and journalist. In 1958 he led a modern literary and cultural movement known as Nadaism (Nothing-ism), inspired by surrealism, French existentialism, beat generation, dadaism, and influenced by the Colombian writer and philosopher Fernando González Ochoa.
Arango's life was characterized by large contrasts and contradictions, from an open atheism to an intense spirituality. Those contrasts can be observed between the Primer manifiesto nadaísta (1958), or Prosas para leer en la silla eléctrica (1965), and his last writings.
He was a strong critic of the society of his time and in his works he left many important ideas and proposals.
He was planning to move to London with the British Angela Mary Hickie, but ended his life in a car accident in 1976.
Life
Gonzalo Arango was born in Andes, a town of the Antioquian South-Eastern region in 1931, in a period known in Colombia as the liberal government that had to face the Great Depression. It was also the time of Constitutional and social reforms such as those intended by president Alfonso López Pumarejo. When he was an adolescent he saw the falling of the country into a bloody fight between the two traditional political parties, after El Bogotazo of April 9, 1948, a period of violent civil wars that was triggered by the murder of the presidential candidate Jorge Eliécer Gaitán. The Catholic Church in Colombia possessed the control of education, following the Colombian Constitution of 1886, and exerted a great authority over political, cultural and social matters, such as in the censorship of all intellectual material produced in the nation. One of the works by philosopher Fernando González Ochoa, "Viaje a pie" was forbidden by the Archbishop of Medellín, in 1929, under death penalty. This social and political context promoted his growing as a thinker and writer, and would influence Arango's work.
Arango was the last son of the 13 children of Francisco Arango (known as Don Paco) and Magdalena Arias. Don Paco was the telegraphist of the town, and his mother was a housewife.
His beginning as a writer
In 1947 he began to study Law in the University of Antioquia, but three years later he left the studies to devote himself to writing, starting with his first work "Después del hombre" (After the Man). About this time the poet Eduardo Escobar wrote:
The work: miscellany of genres
Gonzalo Arango ventures into different genres: autobiography, prose of ideas, literary criticism, comments, essays, prologues, letters, journalism, poetry, diverse narrative works, theater, chronicles, profiles, memories, notes, and reports. In Felipe Restrepo David words, -a studious of his work-, Arango stands out for a literature of ideas, for a narrative thought. His legacy is an essential work, "made of metaphors and thoughts," and "reflexive force and poetry."
Gustavo Rojas Pinilla
On June 13, 1953, General Gustavo Rojas Pinilla led a bloodless Coup d'etat to the authoritarian conservative president Laureano Gómez intending to bring peace to the country, after many years of civil war between liberals and conservatives. The Assembly that replaced the Congress, composed mostly of conservatives, re-elected him for the next presidential period until 1958. The Rojas coup was seen by many as a possible solution to the political crisis, the violence in the country, and as an alternative to the extense monopole of the two traditional national parties. Young Arango was in those days a Rojas supporter, joining the Movimiento Amplio Nacional - MAN (National Wide Movement), composed of artists, writers, and young intellectuals.
In this period, Arango devoted himself to journalism and literature.
Soon, however, the reaction of conservative and liberal leaders against Rojas Pinilla was manifested in an agreement that caused his fall on May 10, 1957. While the dictator was exiled in Spain, Gonzalo Arango fled to Chocó.
Creation of Nadaísmo
After his trip to Chocó he took refuge in the city of Cali, with a very poor and limited lifestyle, - as he writes in many letters to Alberto Aguirre. He started in 1957 to give form to the Nadaism ideas, that were expressed in the Primer Manifiesto nadaísta, published in Medellín in 1958. At the same time,he questioned himself deeply:
