The 172nd Siege Battery was a unit of Britain's Royal Garrison Artillery (RGA) raised during World War I. It manned heavy howitzers on the Western Front and Italian Front from 1916 to 1918.
Mobilisation
On the outbreak of war in August 1914, units of the part-time Territorial Force (TF) were invited to volunteer for Overseas Service and most of the Glamorgan Royal Garrison Artillery did so. This unit had mobilised as part of No 26 Coastal Fire Command, responsible for the defence of Swansea, Cardiff and Barry.
By October 1914, the campaign on the Western Front was bogging down into trench warfare and there was an urgent need for batteries of siege artillery to be sent to France. The WO decided that the TF coastal gunners were well enough trained to take over many of the duties in the coastal defences, releasing Regular RGA gunners for service in the field, Soon the TF RGA companies that had volunteered for overseas service were also supplying trained gunners to RGA units serving overseas and providing cadres to form complete new units.
172nd Siege Battery, RGA, was raised at Cardiff with three officers and 78 other ranks from the Glamorgan RGA under Army Council Instruction 1239 of 21 June 1916. It went out to the Western Front on 12 September 1916, manning four BL 6-inch 26 cwt howitzers, initially under the command of 50th (South African) Heavy Artillery Group (HAG) in Third Army. It then changed command rapidly: to 19th HAG on 4 October, to 8th HAG on 18 October, then to 47th HAG on 24 November and back to 8th HAG on 8 January 1917, all with Third Army, whose front was quiet during this period.
War Service
Arras
On 24 March 1917 the battery transferred to the command of 46th HAG and then to 35th HAG on 3 April as Third Army prepared for the opening of its Arras Offensive. A larger force of guns than ever before had been assembled for this battle, and 35th HAG was assigned with seven other HAGs to VII Corps. The battle opened on 9 April and was widely successful, the counter-battery (CB) fire of the heavy howitzers having been effective. But following up the success was difficult. Batteries had to move up to get back into range (No man's land in VII Corps' sector had been wide) and the Germans re-positioned their guns, so the effectiveness of the prepared CB fire was lost. The offensive quickly bogged down.
Ypres
After the Arras offensive ended in May 1917, 172nd Siege Bty was rested from 28 May to 10 June. It then rejoined Third Army, serving with 39th and 8th HAGs. Third Army's front was quiet during the summer of 1917, but on 9 July the battery moved to 24th HAG (alongside 121st Siege Bty, also raised by the Glamorgan RGA). 24th HAG was attached to the French army, but it joined Fifth Army on 1 August, just after the start of the Third Ypres Offensive. Fifth Army's guns were suffering badly from German CB fire, and the offensive bogged down. A second push on 16 August (the Battle of Langemarck) suffered from rushed artillery planning and was unsuccessful.
172nd Siege Bty received reinforcements on 26 August when it was joined by a section from 415th Siege Bty, just arrived from Home. This allowed the battery to be brought up to a strength of six 6-inch howitzers. On 16 September 24th HAG was transferred to Second Army when that formation took over control of the faltering offensive: the Battles of the Menin Road, Polygon Wood and Broodseinde were highly successful because of the weight of artillery brought to bear on German positions. But as the offensive continued with the Battle of Poelcappelle and First and Second Battles of Passchendaele, the tables were turned: British batteries were clearly observable from the Passchendaele Ridge and suffered badly from CB fire, while their own guns sank into the mud and became difficult to aim and fire.
Italy
After the disastrous Battle of Caporetto on the Italian Front, Second Army HQ and several of its sub-formations were sent to reinforce the Italian Army. 24th Bde RGA left with XIV Corps on 17 November 1917, arriving on 25 November. Its guns went into action on the Montello Hill, supporting the Italian army holding the line of the River Piave, which had been critically short of heavy artillery. The situation was stabilised by the end of the year, but XIV Corps and 24th HAG remained in Italy.
Apart from some CB shoots, there was little activity through the winter months. In February 1918 the HAGs became permanent RGA brigades: 24th Bde consisted of one heavy battery (1/1st Warwickshire Bty) and three other 6-inch howitzer siege batteries (105th, 229th and 247th) in addition to the 172nd.
