The present participle may be declined like an adjective. Its declension when used as a noun is given above, p. 10.
The past participle generally prefixes _[.g]e-_, as in _[.g]e·bunden_, _[.g]e·numen_ from _niman_ (take), unless the other parts of the verbs have it already, as in _[.g]e·h[=i]eran_ (hear), _[.g]e·h[=i]ered_. It is sometimes prefixed to other parts of the verb as well. No _[.g]e_ is added if the verb has another prefix, such as _[=a]-_, _be-_, _for-_; thus _for·[.g]iefan_ (forgive) has the past participle _for·[.g]iefen_. The past participle may be declined like an adjective.
Traces of an older passive voice are preserved in the form _h[=a]t-te_ from _h[=a]tan_ (call, name), which is both present 'is called,' and preterite 'was called':--_se munuc h[=a]tte Abbo_ (the monk's name was Abbo).
In the strong verbs the plural of the pret. indic. generally has a different vowel from that of the sing. (_ic band_, _w[=e] bundon_). The 2nd sing. pret. indic. and the whole pret. subj. always have the vowel of the preterite plural indicative (_þ[=u] bunde, ic bunde, w[=e] bunden_.)
The 2nd and 3rd persons sing. of the pres. indic. often mutate the root-vowel, thus:--
a _becomes_ [e,] _as in_ (h[=e]) st[e,]nt _from_ standan (_stand_). ea " ie " fielþ " feallan (_fall_). e " i " cwiþþ " cweþan (_say_). eo " ie " wierþ " weorþan (_happen_). [=a] " [=æ] " h[=æ]tt " h[=a]tan (_command_). [=o] " [=e] " gr[=e]wþ " gr[=o]wan (_grow_). [=e]a " [=i]e " h[=i]ewþ " h[=e]awan (_hew_). [=e]o " [=i]e " [.c][=i]est " [.c][=e]osan (_choose_). [=u] " [=y] " l[=y]cþ " l[=u]can (_close_).
The full ending of the 3rd pers. sing. pres. indic. is _-eþ_, which is generally contracted, with the following consonant-changes:--
-teþ _becomes_ -tt _as in_ l[=æ]tt _from_ l[=æ]tan (_let_). -deþ " -tt " b[=i]tt " b[=i]dan (_wait_). -ddeþ " -tt " bitt " biddan (_pray_). -þeþ " -þþ " cwiþþ " cweþan (_say_). -seþ " -st " [.c][=i]est " [.c][=e]osan (_choose_). -ndeþ " -nt " bint " bindan (_bind_).
Double consonants become single, as in _h[=e] fielþ_ from _feallan_.
Before the _-st_ of the 2nd pers. consonants are often dropt, as in _þ[=u] cwist_ from _cweþan_, _þ[=u] [.c][=i]est_ from _[.c][=e]osan_; and _d_ becomes _t_, as in _þ[=u] bintst_ from _bindan_.