He bore himself worthily; with the fortitude and dignity which were almost a commonplace with Englishmen of the Tudor tradition. The king of England, Elizabeth’s successor, struck off the head of the last of the Elizabethan heroes, at the orders of the king of Spain. But the degradation was only for a time. Spain had laid her enemy low; but the lesson he had spent his life to teach his countrymen was bearing its fruit even in the hour of his doom; to the men of Raleigh’s race was destined the Empire of the seas, and of the new worlds which Spain had arrogantly claimed.
Agrarian distress, 20-21, 90-91, 95, 211, 223-224, 262
Alençon, Duke of, 335-336, 341, 343-344, 347
Bible, vernacular version of, 185, 199, 218, 254
Boleyn, Anne, Henry’s passion for, 57, 171-172, 175, 192, 194-195; marriage, 55, 56, 104, 136, 170, 195, 248; Act of Succession for issue of, 104; Henry’s treatment of, 199; fall of, 249-251; Cranmer’s attitude towards, 192, 194-195; execution of, 148, 195
Bonner, Bishop, 210, 219, 221, 231, 261, 268, 272
Burghley, Lord (William Cecil), family and early years of, 281-282; first marriage, 282; relations with Somerset, 283-284; second marriage, 283; relations with Warwick, 284; retirement, 288; ecclesiastical policy, 297; financial policy, 298-299; Scottish policy, 301-303; foreign policy, 303-306, 308, 311-312, 319; relations with Queen Elizabeth, 279-280, 289; views on privateering, 312-314; made Lord High Treasurer, 312 _note_, 339; war with Spain, 316; contrasted with Cromwell, Somerset, and Philip of Spain, 321; relations with Walsingham, 326, 346, 356-357; secret service created by, 330; death of, 318; characteristics of, 319-322
Burning of heretics, 101, 271; repeal of statutes, 220, 226
Catherine de Medici, 295, 304, 332, 336-338
Catherine of Aragon, &c. _See_ Katharine of Aragon
Cecil, Robert, 317, 362, 379, 385, 386, 387, 389
Charles V., Emperor, candidature of, for the Empire, 45, 164; relations with France, 46-47, 146-147, 152-154, 166, 169, 184; on More, 111; Katharine’s policy as to, 194; Cromwell’s attitude towards, 183; Henry VIII.’s alliance with, 189
Church: Act in Restraint of Appeals, 135, 137 Act of Uniformity, 220-221; second Act of Uniformity, 232 Annates Act, 132, 135, 182 Burning of heretics. _See_ that title Cranmer’s views as to, 244-245 Formularies, need for, 255 Henry VIII.’s anti-clerical campaign, 102-103, 130-134, 246; Henry proclaimed Supreme Head, 181 Indulgences, 241 Litany, vernacular, 255 Marriage of Secular clergy, 246, 259 Monasteries, suppression of, 141-142, 145, 211, 224, 253 Oath of Obedience to Pope, 247-248 _and note_ Parties in, under Elizabeth, 296-297 Prayer Books of Edward VI. (1549), 220, 261-262; (1552), 231, 265 Reformation. _See_ that title Six Articles Act. _See_ that title Submission of the clergy, 134, 181, 246, 247 Unpopularity of ecclesiastics, 64