The following lists events that happened during 1923 in Australia.
Incumbents
Monarch – George V
Governor General – Henry Forster
Prime Minister – Billy Hughes (until 8 February), then Stanley Bruce
Chief Justice – Adrian Knox
State premiers
Premier of New South Wales – George Fuller
Premier of Queensland – Ted Theodore
Premier of South Australia – Henry Barwell
Premier of Tasmania – John Hayes (until 13 August), then Sir Walter Lee (until 25 October), then Joseph Lyons Premier of Victoria – Harry Lawson Premier of Western Australia – James Mitchell
State governors
Governor of New South Wales – Sir Walter Davidson (until 16 September) Governor of Queensland – Sir Matthew Nathan Governor of South Australia – Sir Tom Bridges Governor of Tasmania – none appointed Governor of Victoria – George Rous, 3rd Earl of Stradbroke Governor of Western Australia – Sir Francis Newdegate
Events
8 February – Billy Hughes resigns as Prime Minister, after the Country Party refuses to govern in coalition with him as the leader of the Nationalist Party. Hughes is succeeded by his Treasurer, Stanley Bruce. 25 April – The first Anzac Day dawn service is held in Albany, Western Australia. 28 April – Construction commences on the Sydney Harbour Bridge. 1 to 30 April – A uniquely dry month over southeastern Australia due to a persistent block sees the driest month on record over Victoria with only and Tasmania with only . Melbourne has its only rainless month since at least 1855. 1 to 31 May – Following on the record dry April, Tasmania's weather reverses so abruptly that May remains the state's wettest month since at least 1900 with a statewide average of . The wet weather would continue for another eleven months so that May 1923 to April 1924 received a statewide average rainfall of – the wettest twelve months on record over Tasmania. 14 August – John Hayes resigns as Premier of Tasmania after failing to resolve Tasmania's financial crisis. Sir Walter Lee becomes Premier for the second time. 28 August – Construction begins on the Provisional Parliament House in Canberra. 7 September – Harry Lawson assumes office for a second term as Premier of Victoria, forming a National-Country Party ministry. 10 October – Telephone link between Sydney and Brisbane officially opened. 12 October – Cairns, Queensland is proclaimed a city. 14 October – Severe floods in Melbourne, two people drown. 25 October – Sir Walter Lee is defeated in a no-confidence motion, and Joseph Lyons becomes Premier of Tasmania. 31 October – The Marble Bar heat wave begins, which by 7 April 1924 will hold the world record for the longest number of consecutive days (160) in which a temperature above was recorded. 1 November – The 1923 Victorian Police strike begins, with half of the Victoria Police force standing down over the use of labour spies. Rioting and looting takes place in the Melbourne city centre.
Arts and literature
D. H. Lawrence publishes Kangaroo, his first novel with an Australian setting.
Sport
20 October – Essendon wins the Premiership of the 1923 VFL season, defeating Fitzroy 8.15 (63) to 6.10 (46) at the MCG. Bitalli wins the Melbourne Cup Wynette wins the Caulfield Cup New South Wales wins the Sheffield Shield The 1923 NSWRFL Premiership culminates in Eastern Suburbs' 15–12 victory over South Sydney in the final.