Kliment Andreyevich Kolesnikov (; born 9 July 2000) is a Russian swimmer. He holds world junior records in eight events: 50/100/200 back in long course, as well as 200 free, 50/100/200 back and 100 IM in short course.
He made his debut at the 2017 World Aquatics Championships, where he competed in three backstroke events and set two world junior records. In December 2017, he set a short course 100m backstroke world record at Vladimir Salnikov Cup, becoming the first swimmer born in the 2000s to hold a world record in an individual event.
He won a total of six medals (3 gold, 2 silver and 1 bronze) at the 2018 European Championships and established a new 50m backstroke world record.
At the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics, Kolesnikov was chosen the flag bearer for Russia. He won a total of six gold medals there.
At the 2023 Russian National Championships, conducted in long course metres in April at the Palace of Water Sports in Kazan, Kolesnikov won the gold medal in the 100 metre backstroke with a time of 52.54 seconds on day two. In the finals session on day four, he first won a gold medal in the 50 metre backstroke with a time of 24.12 seconds, then followed up approximately 75 minutes later with a gold medal in the 50 metre freestyle with a time of 21.91 seconds. On the sixth and final day, he won a bronze medal in the 100 metre freestyle with a 48.54 and a gold medal as part of the Moscow relay team finishing in 3:30.10 in the final of the 4×100 metre medley relay.
Personal bests
Long course
Short course
Note WR= World Record, WJR= World Junior Record, ER= European Record, NR= Russian National Record, LC= Long course, SC= Short course, r= relay lead-off