The first USS Parche (SS-384/AGSS-384) was a United States Navy submarine. She bore the name (pronounced with two equal syllables: ) of a butterfly fish, Chaetodon capistratus. Parche was a Balao-class submarine that operated in World War II.
Construction and commissioning
Parche was built by the Portsmouth Navy Yard at Kittery, Maine. Her keel was laid on 9 April 1943 and she was christened on 24 July, when her sponsor, Betty Russell, smashed the traditional bottle of champagne across the bow as Parche slid into the water for the first time. Russell was the daughter of U.S. District Court Judge Robert Lee Russell, formerly Judge Advocate General of the U.S. Navy. Parche was commissioned on 20 November 1943 with Commander Lawson P. Ramage commanding.
First and Second War Patrols
On 29 March 1944 the submarine left Pearl Harbor with two other submarines, and , for her first war patrol. After passing Midway Atoll, the three reached the sea lanes south of Formosa 16 April 1944. On 29 April Bang reported a large convoy away, and the wolfpack attacked, Parche sinking one ship.
Tinosa reported a seven-ship convoy on the morning of 3 May and Parche headed north at full speed to intercept. An hour after midnight Parche was in position and scored three torpedo hits on the leading ship and two hits on the second freighter, sinking both. Parche scored two hits on the third freighter, which settled by the stern and began to list to port. Post-war records credited the trio of submarines with five sinkings and 30,542 tons, Parche getting credit for Taiyoku Maru and Shoryu Maru. Parche returned to Midway 23 May 1944, after making a thorough photo reconnaissance of military installations on the island of Ishi Gaki Jima.
Parche's second patrol was again south of Formosa, forming a coordinated attack group with and . Parche went to sea 17 June, following her refit. A week later she sighted and sank a patrol vessel with gunfire. On 4 July a Japanese cruiser and destroyer bombarded and depth charged Parche.
Parche sighted a convoy, MI-11, 29 July 1944 and, cooperating with Steelhead, closed in, sinking 4,471-ton cargo ship Manko Maru and 10,238-ton tanker Koei Maru. During this night surface action Parche barely avoided being rammed by one ship. Parche collaborated with Steelhead in sinking an 8,990-ton transport, the Yoshino Maru (originally the Kleist, built in Danzig, 1906 for North German Lloyd, surrendered to the British in 1919, and acquired by the Nippon Yusen Kaisha in 1922). Steelhead sank two other ships, a transport and a cargo vessel. Another tanker and a cargo ship were damaged. For this action Parche received the Presidential Unit Citation and her commander, CDR Lawson P. Ramage (later Vice Admiral), received the Medal of Honor. The attack became known as Ramage's Rampage. On 1 August the sub departed for Saipan where she moored 5 August, arriving Pearl Harbor 16 August.
Third, Fourth, and Fifth War Patrols
On her third war patrol, 10 September to 2 December, one of the longest of the war, Parche did not encounter any targets.
After a refit, the ship got underway 30 December for rotating patrol in the Nansei Shoto. She discovered a freighter and a tanker at anchor in Naze Ko 19 January, firing six bow tubes at the tanker for five distinct hits and four stern tubes at the freighter for two possible hits. On 7 February Parche sighted and sank the 984-ton Okinoyama Maru. Fueling at Midway 16 February, the sub continued to Pearl Harbor, where she arrived 20 February.
Japanese shipping, decimated by continual submarine and air attacks, was becoming increasingly difficult to find. When Parche left Pearl Harbor 19 March 1945, she headed directly for the east coast of Honshū, Japan. Parche sank escorting 615-ton Minesweeper No. 3 off Kobe Zaki 9 April. On 11 April Parche made a gun attack, sinking a small freighter of about 800 tons. She torpedoed another small vessel the next day. On 13 April Parche sank a fishing trawler. Two hours later she again opened fire on a small observation boat, leaving it blazing stem to stern. Two Japanese planes caused her to dive, leaving all her guns loose and much of her ammunition exposed. A heavy explosion shook her on the way down, but inflicted no damage.
On 22 April Parche sighted three small tankers in column, proceeding north along the coast south of Okama Saki. Parche launched three torpedoes at the second tanker and then shifted to the third, which was left down by the stern covered with a cloud of smoke. The sub sailed for Midway, arriving 30 April.