Thembavani (; ) is a Tamil classic poetical work by Veeramamunivar (Costanzo Joseph Beschi) (Tamil : வீரமாமுனிவர்) on the life of Saint Joseph, the earthly father of Jesus Christ. It is divided into thirty-six cantos, containing 3,615 stanzas.
Story
The poem begins with the birth of Joseph, called Valan. He becomes a staunch ascetic who later marries Mary, a resolute virgin. Through divine intervention, Mary gives birth to a son. The following episodes describe the family's lives. The work ends with Valan's coronation by the Triune God in heavenly glory. Finally, kings from the Holy Roman Empire (England, Ireland, Spain, Gaul, Prussia, Norway, Lusitania, Genoa, Etruria, Parthia, Cyprus, Paeonia) come to Vienna at the invitation of Leopold I to install the statue of the hero of the epic.
Thembavani has over 100 references to events and teachings in the Bible. It has an abundance of historical, biblical and fictional characters, including Moses, Joshua, Gideon, Joseph of Old Testament, Samson, David and Goliath, Nebuchadnezzar, Tobit and Tobias, John the Baptist, Herod, Kunnan, Navakan, Surami, etc. Its actions take place in several places like Bethlehem, Judea, Nazareth, Egypt, Heliopolis, Gaza, Jericho, Sinai, Beersheba, etc.
Structure
The epic comprises 3,615 rhymed quatrains in Tamil with 90 variations, and M. Dominic Raj has translated it into English in unrhymed quatrains of free verse following the ‘Sprung Rhythm’ style of Hopkins. It comprises 3 Parts with 12 sections in each. There are 356 episodes that relate to births, deaths, journeys, wars, celebrations, happenings in the Netherworld, Hell, Heaven, etc. It contains philosophical and theological discussions on God, idolatry, rebirth, Fate, virtue, asceticism, etc.
Thoroughly immersed in Tamil literature and culture, Beschi integrates several literary devices employed by classics such as Kamba Ramayanam and Manimekalai. This is evident in his description of landscapes.
Reception
Prof. Alexander Beecroft of the University of South Carolina regards Thembavani as one of the seven World Classics that are yet to be translated into English from their native languages. He places Thembavani as the third on the list.
References
Tamil-language literature
Tamil poetry
Christian poetry
Saint Joseph (husband of Mary) Cultural depictions of Moses Cultural depictions of Joshua Cultural depictions of David Cultural depictions of Nebuchadnezzar II Cultural depictions of John the Baptist Cultural depictions of Herod the Great Indian Christian hymns 18th-century Indian books Cultural depictions of Jesus Songs about Jesus Depictions of Jesus in literature Cultural depictions of the Nativity of Jesus Cultural depictions of the Passion of Jesus Biblical poetry Works based on the New Testament Jerusalem in fiction Palestine in fiction Ancient Egypt in fiction Cultural depictions of Mary, mother of Jesus Cultural depictions of Mary Magdalene Cultural depictions of Saint Peter Cultural depictions of the Devil Cultural depictions of Judas Iscariot Cultural depictions of the Biblical Magi Cultural depictions of Paul the Apostle Cultural depictions of Pontius Pilate Cultural depictions of Salome Fiction set in the Roman Empire