_Translated from the German by_ _George P. Upton_
Beethoven Mozart Bach Haydn Maid of Orleans The Little Dauphin Marie Antoinette's Youth Frederick the Great Maria Theresa Arnold of Winkelried William of Orange Barbarossa William Tell The Swiss Heroes Herman and Thusnelda Undine Gudrun The Nibelungs The Frithiof Saga The Duke of Brittany
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[1]Geoffrey was born September 23, 1158, and died August 19, 1186. He married Constance of Brittany.
[2]Henry II was the first king of England of the house of Plantagenet. Outside of England he possessed Normandy and the suzerainty of Brittany, which he inherited from the Norman kings; Anjou and Maine from his father, and by marriage with Eleanor, Poitou, Guienne, and Gascony.
[3]This is one version of the manner in which Geoffrey came to his death. The generally accepted historical version is that he was killed at a tournament in Paris.
[4]Duke Arthur of Brittany was born at Nantes, France, March 29, 1187, and was killed at Rouen, April 3, 1203. According to the author of this story, he was murdered on shipboard by King John, his uncle, because he refused to waive his lawful claim to the throne of England. History fails to make an authoritative statement of the manner of the young hero's death, but it is unanimously conceded that John procured his assassination, if he did not commit the deed himself.
[5]Rennes, capital of Ille-et-Vilaine, France, was the capital of ancient Brittany.
[6]Philip Augustus, King of France, was born in 1165, and died in 1223. He was the son of Louis VII, and was noted for his banishment of the Jews, his participation in the Third Crusade with Richard the Lion-hearted, and the crusade against the Albigenses.
[7]"The King left only two legitimate sons,--Richard, who succeeded him, and John, who inherited no territory, though his father had often intended to leave him a part of his extensive dominion. He was thence commonly denominated 'Lackland.'"--Hume.
[8]Henry the Second, King of England, died July 6, 1189. In the last year of his reign he was confronted with the rebellion of his sons Richard and John, in which they were assisted by Philip Augustus of France.