EU´MENES (-n[=e]z), the name of two kings of Pergamus.--1. EUMENES I succeeded his uncle Philetærus 263 B.C. He reigned for twenty-two years, and then died in a fit of drunkenness.--2. EUMENES II succeeded his father Attalus 197 B.C., and, like him, attached himself to the Romans, who, as a reward for his services in the war against Antiochus of Syria, bestowed upon him the Thracian Chersonesus and almost all Asia on this side of the Taurus. He died in 159 B.C.
EUMENIDES ([=u]-men´i-d[=e]z). See _Furies_.
EUMYCETES, or HIGHER FUNGI, a common name for those Fungi which possess a septate mycelium. They also have a well-marked type of 'principal' spore--either the _ascospore_ (Ascomycetes) or the _basidiospore_ (Basidiomycetes)--and rarely produce definite sexual organs. Opposed to Phycomycetes.
EUNOMIANS, the followers of Eunomius, Bishop of Cyzicum, in the fourth century A.D., who held that Christ was a created being of a nature unlike that of the Father.
EU´NUCH, an emasculated male. The term is of Greek origin (_eunouchos_, from _eun[=e]_, a couch or bed, _echein_, to hold or guard); but eunuchs became known to the Greeks no doubt from the practice among Eastern nations of having them as guardians of their women's apartments. Eunuchs were employed in somewhat similar duties among the Romans in the luxurious times of the empire, and under the Byzantine monarchs they were common. The Mohammedans still have them about their harems. Emasculation, when effected in early life, produces singular changes in males and assimilates them in some respects to women, causing them in particular to have the voice of a female. Hence it was not uncommon in Italy to castrate boys in order to fit them for soprano singers when adults.
EUON´YMUS, the spindle trees or prickwoods, a genus of shrubs or trees, nat. ord. Celastrineæ, containing about fifty species, natives of the temperate regions of the northern hemisphere. The root-bark of _E. atropurpureus_ is the source of euonymin, a bitter principle with a powerful stimulating effect on the liver.
EUPATO´RIA, formerly Koslov, a seaport on the western coast of the Crimea, government of Taurida. It was here that the allied forces landed at the commencement of the Crimean War (14th to 18th Sept., 1854). Pop. 30,432.