P. 1, c. 2—“Turanians,” tu-ra´ni-ans. The tribes of the Turanians are the Finns, the people of Siberia, the Tartars, the Mongols, and the Mantchoos.
P. 1, c. 2—“Aryan,” är´yan. The tribes speaking the Germanic, Slavic, Celtic, Italic, Greek, Iranian, and Sanskrit languages belong to this family.
P. 1, c. 2—“Teutonic,” teū-ton´ic. The Teutonic dialects were the languages spoken by the ancient Germans, so-called from one of the tribes, the Teutons.
P. 1, c. 2—“Pytheas,” pyth´e-as. He is said to have made two voyages, one to Britain and Iceland, another to the northern coast of Europe.
P. 1, c. 2—“Tuisko,” too-is´ko. The German legends describe the god as a gray-haired man, clad in skins of animals, and with a scepter in his right hand.
P. 2, c. 1—“Tacitus,” tac´i-tus. (A. D. 55-117.) A Roman historian. His histories of the condition and customs of the Britains and Germans are trustworthy accounts, written in a clear and concise style. A history of Rome is his most ambitious work.
P. 2, c. 2—“Suetonius,” swe-to´ni-us. A Roman historian, living in the latter half of the first century. His writings were very voluminous.
P. 2, c. 2—“Kělt,” or “Cělt.” A race of Asiatic origin, which in very early time passed into Europe and gradually worked their way to the present countries of France, and Great Britain. The Irish, Welsh, and the Scotch of the Highlands are descendants of the Celts.
P. 2, c. 2—“Eagle.” From the time of Marius the eagle was the principal emblem of the Roman Empire, and the standard of the legions. In the fourteenth century the Germans adopted it, and afterwards Russia. The arms of Prussia bear the black eagle, those of Poland bore the white.
P. 2, c. 2—“De Moribus Germanorum.” Treatise concerning the customs of the Germans.
P. 2, c. 2—“Titus.” (A. D. 40-81.) Roman Emperor. Titus had opportunities of observing the Germans when he was young, being military tribune in Germany.
P. 2, c. 2—“Wō´dan,” The same as Odin, Wuotan, and Wotan. See “Notes on Scandinavian Literature,” in THE CHAUTAUQUAN for April.
P. 2, c. 2—“Hertha,” also written Ærtha, or Nerthus. As goddess of the earth Hertha was believed to bring fertility. In the spring festivities were held to celebrate her arrival, all feuds were suspended and the greatest rejoicing prevailed.