The 1830–31 United States House of Representatives elections were held on various dates in various states between July 5, 1830 and October 3, 1831. Each state set its own date for its elections to the House of Representatives before the first session of the 22nd United States Congress convened on December 5, 1831. Elections were held for all 213 seats, representing 24 states.

The supporters of President Andrew Jackson lost ten seats during his first term, but managed to maintain control of the chamber amidst the growth of two new opposition movements.

1830–31 United States House of Representatives elections

The brash style of Congress during the administration of Jackson caused a number of Americans to become dissatisfied with the government and both of the major parties. Anger over the Tariff of 1828 also provided a major issue, particularly in the agricultural South. The Jacksonians remained firmly in control of the House, but lost several seats, as did the minority National Republicans. The Anti-Masonic Party, an aspiring third party which was based on a single issue (distrust of Freemasonry), was actually able to gain a dozen seats, and four South Carolina Congressman who called themselves Nullifiers (based on the principle of states' rights) were also elected. Thus, this was the first election in the House where both major parties lost seats at the same time; this would not occur again until the 1854 elections.

1830–31 United States House of Representatives elections

Election summaries

Not including special elections.

1830–31 United States House of Representatives elections

Special elections

21st Congress

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! | James W. Ripley | | Jacksonian | 1826 | | Incumbent resigned March 12, 1830.New member elected September 13, 1830.Jacksonian hold.Successor seated December 6, 1830. | nowrap |

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! | John M. Goodenow | | Jacksonian | 1828 | | Incumbent resigned April 9, 1830, after being appointed judge of the Supreme Court of Ohio.New member elected October 11, 1830.Winner was elected the next day to the next term, see below.Successor seated December 6, 1830. | nowrap |

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! | Alexander Smyth | | Jacksonian | 18171828 1827 | | Incumbent died April 17, 1830.New member elected November 1830.Jacksonian hold.Successor seated December 6, 1830.Winner was later elected to the next term, see below. | nowrap |

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! | Hector Craig | | Jacksonian | 18221824 1828 | | Incumbent resigned July 12, 1830.New member elected November 3, 1830.National Republican gain.Successor seated December 6, 1830. | nowrap |

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! | Philip P. Barbour | | Jacksonian | 18151824 1827 | | Incumbent resigned October 15, 1830, after being appointed judge of US Circuit Court of the Eastern District of Virginia.New member elected November 25, 1830.Jacksonian hold.Successor seated December 6, 1830. | nowrap |

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22nd Congress

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! | colspan=3 | Vacant | | Vacancy in term.New member elected in 1831Jacksonian gain.Successor seated May 12, 1831. | nowrap |

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! | Spencer D. Pettis | | NationalRepublican | 1824 | | Incumbent died August 28, 1831.New member elected October 31, 1831.National Republican hold.Successor seated October 31, 1831. | nowrap |

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! | Rollin C. Mallary | | NationalRepublican | 1820 | | Incumbent died April 15, 1831.New member elected November 1, 1831 on the third ballot.Anti-Masonic gain.Successor seated December 5, 1831. | nowrap | :::

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! | William Ramsey | | Jacksonian | 1826 | | Incumbent died September 29, 1831, before the new Congress convened.New member elected November 22, 1831.Jacksonian hold.Successor seated December 5, 1831. | nowrap |

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! | Wilson Lumpkin | | Jacksonian | 18141816 1826 | | Incumbent resgined in 1831 before the convening of Congress.New member elected December 12, 1831.Jacksonian hold.Successor seated January 21, 1832. | nowrap |

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! | George Fisher | | NationalRepublican | 1828 | | Incumbent lost contested election February 5, 1830 to Silas Wright, who in turn failed to qualify.New member elected November 3, 1830.Jacksonian gain.Winner was not a candidate the same day to the next term, see below.Successor seated December 6, 1830. | nowrap |

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! | Robert Potter | | Jacksonian | 1829 | | Incumbent resigned in November 1831.New member elected December 15, 1831.Jacksonian hold.Successor seated January 6, 1832. | nowrap |

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Alabama

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! | Clement C. Clay | | Jacksonian | 1829 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |

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! | Robert E. B. Baylor | | Jacksonian | 1825 | | Incumbent lost-re-election.New member elected.Jacksonian hold. | nowrap |

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! | Dixon Hall Lewis | | Jacksonian | 1829 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |