[7] +das Mass+: measure (do not confound with +die Masse+, mass).
[8] +die Zugfestigkeit+: tensile strength.
[11] +die rückwirkende Festigkeit+: compressive strength.
[12] +die relative Festigkeit+: transverse strength.
[13] +Grössen- und Formänderungen+: changes of size and form. The hyphen indicates that +änderungen+ belongs to +Grössen+ also.
[1] +die Gehörempfindung+: sensation of hearing.
[3] +die Fortpflanzungsgeschwindigkeit+: velocity of propagation.
[4] +das Fadentelephon+: string telephone (toy).
[8] +vorwiegend+: preponderating; translate: mostly.
[10] +Sinusschwingungen+: sine oscillations.
[16] +die Klangfarbe+: tone color = timbre.
[2] +lassen sich ungezwungen erklären+: may be explained in a natural (_lit._ unforced) way.
[4] +der Lichtäther+: luminiferous ether.
[5] +daran ... dass+: by the fact that; _lit._ by this, namely that ..., +Daran+ represents the following clause and anticipates it.
[7] +der Kernschatten+: umbra; +der Kern+, kernel.
[11] +der Einfallswinkel+: angle of incidence.
[3] +der Senkrechte+: the vertical, perpendicular; see 1 Note 10.
[9] +zwei ... Ebenen+: two planes. This sentence is an example of one compound adjective construction within another.
[12] +bandförmig auseinandergezogen+: drawn out in the form of a ribbon.
[14] +einzelne+: single, separate, individual.
[17] +das Knallgebläse+: oxy-hydrogen blowpipe.
[18] +die betreffenden Metalle+: the metals in question.
[19] +geschlossen werden kann+: conclusions may be drawn.
[2] +schrieb ... zu (zuschreiben)+: ascribed, attributed.
[4] +nimmt ... zu ... ab (zunehmen, abnehmen)+; increases, decreases.
[6] +die Lagenänderung+: change of position.
[2] +bezw. (beziehungsweise)+; see 2 Note 10.
[7] +der Schrumpfring+: hoop shrunk on a gun.
[10] +die Dampfspannung, die Spannkraft+: tension.
[13] +Verdunsten+: evaporation (without artifical heat.)
[3] +die Zuckersiederei+: sugar refinery; +sieden+, to boil.
[5] +der Papinsche Topf+: Papin's digestor.
[6] +das Sicherheitsventil+: safety-valve.
[9] +absperren+: to bar off = to confine.
[10] +noch so gross+: never so great, no matter how great.
[11] +tropfbar+: capable of forming drops.
[13] +der Grenzwert+: limit of value; limit.
[1] +einen beliebig grossen Zwischenraum+: a distance as great as may be desired = any distance.