Mauricio Herdocia Sacasa (1 August 1957 – 21 January 2021) was a Nicaraguan jurist who specialized in international law, and diplomat. He held roles in the Nicaraguan government, especially in the Foreign Ministry, across party lines, as well as roles in major international legal bodies including at the United Nations and the Organization of American States. In the 1980s, he worked on a number of peace processes in Central America, helping formalize legal and political structures for the region. Also a legal scholar and professor, he was rector of the American College University and the author of four books on the laws governing the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Nicaragua. His contributions were recognized with a number of honors both nationally and internationally, including Nicaragua's .
Early life
Mauricio Herdocia Sacasa was born in León, Nicaragua, on 1 August 1957. Growing up his father was exiled in Mexico during the beginning of Anastasio Somoza García's regime. Herdocia studied at the National Autonomous University of Nicaragua (León), studying with prominent faculty including Edgardo Buitrago, activist Rafael Ortega Aguilar, and agriculture specialist Haydée Flores. He graduated in 1981 as a lawyer and notary public. He also completed postgraduate studies in international law at the Institute for International Law in The Hague and in international negotiations at the Matías Romero Institute in Mexico.
Career
In the 1980s, Herdocia was a negotiator in major Central American peace processes, including for the Contadora Group and Contadora Support Group that sought to address the armed conflicts in the early '80s. This culminated in the 6 August 1986 Act of Contadora for Peace and Cooperation in Central America. He was also a negotiator in the Esquipulas I and II Peace Agreement (also known as the Central American Peace Accords). Signed on 7 August 1987, this institutionalized the meeting of Central American Presidents and launched the Central American Parliament initiative.
Herdocia remained in government after the Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN) government lost power in 1990, continuing to serve in the Foreign Ministry of the new conservative government of Violeta Barrios de Chamorro, becoming a source of "institutional memory". Herdocia did not belong to a political party and advocated for the nonpartisan retention of "a nucleus of officials" to preserve the continuity of territorial policy. From 1985 to 1997, he served as ambassador and coordinator for the Territorial Commission, which he helped create. This advisory body of Nicaraguan ministers, vice-ministers and advisors in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs functioned, until 2007, to develop a consensus on a unified national territorial policy, with the support of all sectors, that could then be advanced in regional and international forums, including several territorial cases before the International Court of Justice in The Hague in this period. In his role with the Nicaraguan Foreign Ministry, Herdocia also worked on the creation of the Central American Integration System (SICA), established in 1993, developed from the 1991 Protocol of Tegucigalpa which he helped draft. He became political advisor and legal director for the Secretary-General of SICA from 1997 to 2001 and, in 2000, was promoted to acting Secretary-General for the organization. In his work with SICA, he also contributed to drafting and negotiating other major accords such as the 1995 Framework Treaty on Democratic Security in Central America.
From 1997 to 2001, Herdocia also served on the International Law Commission of the United Nations, the UN's highest body on international law. Elected by the UN General Assembly, Herdocia was the first (and as of 2016 remained the only) Nicaraguan to be included on the 34-member committee.