The most common physical defects and corresponding corrective exercises are noted here.
=830.= Exercise the muscles of the neck by bending, turning, and circling the head, muscles tense.
=831.= Stretch arms sideward from front horizontal, turning palms upward, muscles tense.
Swing arms forward and backward, muscles relaxed.
Circle arms forward and backward slowly, energize backward motion, muscles tense; forward motion with muscles relaxed.
Circle shoulders backward, move them forward first, then raise them, then move them backward as far as possible in the raised position, muscles tense, and then lower to normal position, muscles relaxed.
=832.= Bend trunk forward as far as possible and erect it slowly.
Bend trunk forward, back arched and head thrown back.
Bend trunk sideward, without moving hips out of normal position, right and left.
Lie on floor, face down, and raise head and shoulders.
Bend trunk backward or obliquely backward.
Bend head and trunk backward without moving hips out of normal plane.
Lie on floor, face up, and raise head and shoulders slightly; or to sitting position or raise legs slightly; or to a vertical position.
Arm stretchings, sideward and upward, muscles tense.
Arm swings and arm circles outward, away from the body.
Raise extended arms over head laterally and cross them behind the head.
Breathing exercises in connection with arm and shoulder exercises.
=834.= In nearly all the arm exercises it is necessary to hold the arms in some fixed position from which the exercises can be most advantageously executed, and to which position the arms are again returned upon completing the exercise. These positions are termed =starting positions=; and though it may not be absolutely necessary to assume one of them before or during the employment of any other portion of the body, it is advisable to do so, since they give to the exercise a finished, uniform, and graceful appearance.
In the following positions, at the command =down=, resume the =attention=. Practice in assuming the starting position may be had by repeating the commands of execution, such as =raise, down=.
=835.= While the exercises given below have been grouped for convenient reference, into arm exercises, trunk exercises, leg exercises, etc., one entire group _must not_ be given and then the next and so on.