This is a list of notable high-voltage direct-current power transmission projects.
HVDC projects for long-distance transmission have two (or rarely, more) converter stations and a transmission line interconnecting them. Generally overhead lines are used for interconnection, but an important class of HVDC projects use submarine power cables. A back-to-back station has no transmission line and connects two AC grids at different frequencies or phase counts. Historical HVDC systems used the Thury system of motor-generators but these have all been made obsolete by later developments such as mercury-arc valves (now also obsolete), thyristors, and IGBT power transistors.
Legend
Line type: Thury = Series-connected generators as designed by René Thury Merc = Mercury-arc valve rectifier and inverter Thyr = Thyristor rectifier and inverter IGBT = Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors
Line status:
Africa
Australia and Oceania
Asia
Europe
2 As of 9 December 2015, LitPol Link started trial operations. 3 Caithness Moray HVDC serves a number of renewable energy sources in the north of Scotland - see map 4 Contracts due to be placed in 2016. 5 Elia says construction expected to start in late 2017. 6 Date is that quoted to support the Shetland Wind Farm that SSE is a part investor in. 7 Decision on project expected in 2017 following consultation - see SSE PD reference.
North America
South America
Back to back
Maps
Europe
Shetland HVDC Connection
Caithness Moray HVDC
Western Isles HVDC connection
NorthConnect
North Sea Link: Kvilldal, Norway – Blyth, UK
Eastern HVDC Link
Moyle: Auchencrosh, UK – Ballycronan More, Northern Ireland, UK
Western HVDC Link
East–West Interconnector: Leinster, Ireland – Shotton, Wales, UK
Celtic Interconnector
FAB Link
IFA-2
HVDC Cross-Channel: Les Mandarins, France – Sellindge, UK
Nemo Link
BritNed: UK – Netherlands
Aachen Liège Electricity Grid Overlay (ALEGrO) Viking Link HVDC DolWin1, HVDC DolWin2, HVDC DolWin3 HVDC SylWin1 HVDC HelWin1, HVDC HelWin2 HVDC BorWin1, HVDC BorWin2, HVDC BorWin3 NorNed: Feda, Norway – Eemshaven, Netherlands NORD.LINK: Germany – Norway Skagerrak 1, 2, 3, and 4: Tjele, Denmark – Kristiansand, Norway Konti-Skan 1 and 2: VesterHassing, Denmark – Stenkullen, Sweden StoreBælt: Fyn, Denmark – Zealand, Denmark Baltic Cable: Lübeck- Herrenwyk, Germany – Kruseberg, Sweden Kontek: Bjæverskov, Denmark – Bentwisch, Germany SydVästlänken SwePol: Stärnö, Sweden – Wierzbięcin (Słupsk), Poland LitPol Link NordBalt HVDC Visby–Näs Gotland: Västervik, Sweden – Ygne, Sweden Fenno-Skan: Rauma, Finland – Dannebo, Sweden, Fenno-Skan 2 ÅL-link Estlink: Harku, Estonia – Espoo, Finland Estlink 2 Cometa: Valencia, Spain – Mallorca, Spain INELFE Baixas - Santa Llogaia HVDC Italy–Corsica–Sardinia: "SACOI" – Codrongianos, Sardinia, Italy – Lucciana, Corsica, France – Suvereto, Italy (mainland) SAPEI, Sardinia – Italian mainland HVDC MON.ITA Project HVDC Italy-Greece: Arachthos, Greece – Galatina, Italy EuroAsia Interconnector EuroAfrica Interconnector Greenlink France-Italy via Fréjus Road Tunnel ElecLink: via Channel Tunnel INELFE Biscay Gulf NeuConnect: Isle of Grain, UK – Wilhelmshaven, Germany