XLIV. Abandonment of Dardanelles--Armenian Atrocities 369
XLV. Campaign in Caucasus--Fall of Erzerum 380
XLVI. Review OF Preceding Operations--Italian Movements 393
XLVII. Italy's Relations to the Other Warring Nations 399
L. Renewed Attacks--Italy's Situation At the Beginning of March, 1916 413
LI. Operations Against Bagdad and Around the Tigris 419
LII. Advance Toward Bagdad--Battle of Kut-el-Amara 426
LIV. Stand at Kut-el-Amara--Attempts at Relief 444
LV. Development of the Strategy and Tactics of Air Fighting 454
LVI. Zeppelin Raids--Attacks on German Arms Factories--German Over-Sea Raids 459
LVII. Attacks on London--Bombardment of Italian Ports--Aeroplane as Commerce Destroyer 466
LVIII. Air Fighting on all Fronts--Losses 473
PART XII.--THE UNITED STATES AND THE BELLIGERENTS
LIX. Sinking of the Arabic--Another Crisis--Germany's Defense and Concessions 480
LX. Issue with Austria-Hungary Over the Ancona--Surrender to American Demands 490
LXI. The Lusitania Deadlock--Agreement Blocked by Armed Merchantmen Issue--Crisis in Congress 496
LXII. Developments of Pro-German Propaganda--Munitions Crusade Defended--New Aspects of American Policy 505
Kaiser Wilhelm Inspecting His Troops _Frontispiece_
Opposite Page Zigzag Trenches in the Champagne 62
Constructing a Bridge Over the Danube 270
British Hydroplane on Guard at Saloniki 318
Firing a Torpedo from the Deck of a Destroyer 494
Page Middle Europe--The German Vision of an Empire from the Baltic to the Persian Gulf (_Colored Map_) _Front Insert_
Battle in Champagne, September, 1915, Detail Map of 69
Artois Region, September, 1915, The French Gains in 86
Verdun, Fighting at, up to March 1, 1916 141
Russia, The Battle Front in, January 1, 1916 228
Balkan (Serbian) Operations, General Map of 262
German-Austro-Bulgar Campaign Against Serbia, The Beginning of the 268
Turkey in Armenia, The Russian Advance on 390
The leaders of the Turkish troops had been hard at work arousing the fanaticism of the Turkish soldiery against the British foe before the next day's battle began. It is due these noisy "Holy Warriors" that sentries of the Fifth Egyptian Field Battery were warned of the near presence of the enemy.
The Indian troops now took the offensive, supported by the warships and mountain and field artillery. The Serapeum garrison, consisting of Ninety-second Punjabis and Rajputs, now cleared its front of the enemy who had been stopped three-quarters of a mile away. A counterattack made by the Sixty-second Punjabis of the Tussum garrison drove the Turks back. Two battalions of the Turkish Twenty-eighth Regiment now joined the fight, but the British artillery threw them into disorder, and by 3 p. m. of February 3, 1915, the Moslems were in retreat, leaving behind them a rear guard of a few hundred men hidden in the gaps among the brush along the eastern bank.