15. The _cold_ and _chilly_ state of fever differs from a common chilly fit, by continuing four or five days, and to such a degree, that the patient frequently cannot bear his arms out of the bed. The coldness is most obstinate in the hands and feet. A _coolness_ only of the skin attends in some cases, which is frequently mistaken for an absence of fever.
Having mentioned those states of fever which affect the arterial system without any, or with but little local disease, I proceed next to enumerate those states of fever which belong to the
II. Class of the order that was mentioned, in which there are local affections combined with general fever. They are,
16. The _intestinal_ state of fever. I have been anticipated in giving this epithet to fever, by Dr. Balfour[9]. It includes the cholera morbus, diarrh[oe]a, dysentery, and colic. The remitting bilious fever appears, in all the above forms, in the summer months. They all belong to the febris introversa of Dr. Sydenham. The jail fever appears likewise frequently in the form of diarrh[oe]a and dysentery. The dysentery is the offspring of marsh and human miasmata, but it is often induced in a weak state of the bowels, by other exciting causes. The colic occasionally occurs with states of fever to be mentioned hereafter.
[9] Account of the Intestinal Remitting Fever of Bengal.
17. The _pulmonary_ state of fever includes the true and bastard pneumony in their acute forms; also catarrh from cold and influenza, and the chronic form of pneumony in what is called pulmonary consumption.
18. The _eruptive_ state of fever includes the small-pox, measles, erysipelas, miliary fever, chicken-pox, and pemphigus.
19. The _anginose_ state of fever includes all those affections of the throat which are known by the names of cynanche inflammatoria, tonsillaris, parotidea, maligna, scarlatina, and trachealis. The cynanche trachealis is a febrile disease. The membrane which produces suffocation and death in the wind-pipe is the effect of inflammation. It is said to be formed, like other membranes which succeed inflammation, from the coagulable lymph of the blood.
20. The _rheumatic_ state of fever is confined chiefly to the labouring part of mankind. The topical affection is seated most commonly in the joints and muscles, which, from being exercised more than other parts of the body, become more debilitated, and are, in consequence thereof, excited into morbid and inflammatory action.