3 teaspoonfuls, dry = 1 tablespoonful. 4 teaspoonfuls, liquid = 1 tablespoonful. 4 tablespoonfuls, liquid = 1 wineglassful = ½ gill. 2 wineglassfuls, liquid = 1 gill = ½ cup. 16 tablespoonfuls, liquid = 2 gills = 1 cup. 12 rounded tablespoonfuls, dry = 1 cup. ½ pint, liquid = 1 cup. 4 wineglasses = 1 cup. ¼ lb. of flour = 1 cup. ½ lb. granulated sugar = 1 cup. ½ lb. butter, solid = 1 cup. 4 gills = 1 pint. 2 cups = 1 pint. 2 pints = 1 quart. 4 quarts = 1 gallon.
1 tablespoonful, heaped, granulated sugar = 1 ounce. 1 tablespoonful, rounded, butter = 1 ounce. 1 tablespoonful, liquid = ½ ounce. 1 tablespoonful, rounded, flour = ½ ounce. 1 tablespoonful, rounded, coffee = ½ ounce. 1 tablespoonful, rounded, powdered sugar = ½ ounce. 16 ounces = 1 pound. 4 cups of flour = 1 pound = 1 quart. 2 cups butter, solid = 1 pound. 2 cups granulated sugar = 1 pound. 2½ cups powdered sugar = 1 pound. 2 cups or 1 pint water or milk = 1 pound. 1 pint chopped meat, solid = 1 pound. 10 eggs = 1 pound.
THE day when we wear paper clothes and rarely wear them twice has not yet come. Meanwhile washing and ironing must be done, either in the home or elsewhere. Even when this work has been banished to a laundry or a house on a back street, it is yet desirable to have some knowledge of its processes, that when something goes wrong we may be able to tell what the trouble is.
The laundry, like the kitchen, should be light coloured, cleanly, orderly and furnished only with articles needed for the work. I was taken in to see a laundry not long ago which had pale green walls and two sunny windows. It contained appliances for the work, a substantial laundress and a highly coloured picture of the _Madonna_. There was also a cricket, not the kind you sit on, but the kind that chirps.
As the appliances for washing and ironing are many, and some of them for uses not entirely obvious, a list with a few comments on each item may be useful.
_Tubs._--Two are needed, three are more convenient. When the washing is finished, the tubs should be scrubbed, rinsed and dried before the covers are closed. Portable wooden tubs also need scrubbing and rinsing, but must not be allowed to get very dry. If they are kept in a warm, dry place, put a little clean water into each one. When allowed to dry, the staves shrink and the tubs leak. That tubs are called portable does not mean they should be carried. About one woman in a dozen is really able to carry a tub with water in it. It is not the weight but the attitude in which one is compelled to lift it that makes the trouble. If there is no one to help to carry the tub, empty it by the pailful; it takes less time than being laid up with a strain.