Parma, Alexander Farnese, prince of, iv. 312, 337, 347, 348; prepares to invade England, 356; his difficulties, 357, 359; raises the siege of Paris, 370; of Rouen, 371; dies, 373
Partition Treaty, the first, vii. 93; second, 96
Paul III., Pope, iii. 350; iv. 21, 35, 51, 64
Paul IV., Pope (_see_ Caraffa), iv. 99, 101; his demands on England, 102, 145; on Elizabeth, 155, 156; death, 160
Paul, emperor of Russia, viii. 137, 160-163
Peasant Revolt, the, ii. 319-332; its results, 333-335
Peckham, Archbishop of Canterbury, ii. 118
Pedro the Cruel, king of Castille, ii. 282-284
Peerage, increase of, under James I., v. 200; under Charles I., _ib._; under Charles II., 201. _See_ Lords
Pembroke surprised by the Royalists, vi. 59; besieged by Cromwell, 61; surrenders, 62
Pembroke, William Herbert, first Earl of, iv. 65, 66, 70, 108, 268
Pembroke, William Herbert, third Earl of, v. 43
Pembroke, Thomas Herbert, eighth Earl of, vii. 23
Pembroke, Earls of. _See_ Clare, Marshal, Tudor, Valence
Pembrokeshire, Flemish and English settlement in, ii. 48
Peninsular War, viii. 186-188, 190, 191, 199, 200, 202
Pennsylvania, settlement of, vi. 335; vii. 236
Percy, Henry (Hotspur), ii. 378; constable of North Wales, iii. 10; recovers Conway, 11; defeats the Scots at Homildon Hill, 12; plots against Henry IV., 13; slain, 14
Périgord restored to Edward III., ii. 266
Perth, Convocation at, ii. 171; Protestant riot at, iv. 169
Perth, James Drummond, fourth Earl of, vii. 17
Peter the Great, Czar of Russia, vii. 189
Peterborough founded, i. 86; burnt by northmen, 104
Peterborough, John Mordaunt, first Earl of, vii. 37
Peterborough, Charles Mordaunt, second Earl of, vii. 126, 131, 133
Petition of the Commons to Henry VIII., iii. 290; the Millenary, v. 151; of Right, 260, 261; accepted by Charles I., 263
Petitions to the king in Parliament, ii. 159; changed into Statutes, iii. 90; Triers of, ii. 159
Petrarch, his influence on Chaucer, ii. 360
Pevensey, William the Conqueror lands at, i. 162
Philip Augustus, king of France, leagues with Richard against Henry II., i. 258; quarrels with Richard, 259, 260; plots with John, 261; struggle with Richard, 263, 264; conquers Normandy, 268, 269; conquers Aquitaine, 270; charged by the Pope to depose John, 333