Preamble
WE, the sovereign people of Ecuador
RECOGNIZING our millenary roots, wrought by women and men of distinct cultures,
CELEBRATING nature, the Pachamama (Earth Mother), of which we are part and which is vital to our existence,
INVOKING the name of God and recognizing our diverse forms of religion and spirituality,
APPEALING to the wisdom of all the cultures that enrich us as a society,
AS HEIRS to the social struggle for liberation against all the forms of domination and colonialism, and with profound commitment to the present and to the future,
We have decided to construct
A new form of coexistent citizenship, in diversity and in harmony with nature, to achieve the good life, the sumak kawsay;
A society that respects, in all its dimensions, the dignity of individuals and collective groups;
A democratic country, committed to Latin American integration – the dream of Simón Bolívar and Eloy Alfaro to peace and solidarity with peoples of the earth;
And, in exercise of our sovereignty, in the city of Alfaro, Montecristi, Manabí Province, we now present:
THE CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF ECUADOR
Title I
CONSTITUENT ELEMENTS OF THE STATE
Chapter One: Fundamental Principles
Art. 1.- Ecuador is a constitutional state of laws and justice, that is social, democratic, sovereign, independent, singular, intercultural, plurinational and secular. It is organized as a republic and governed in a decentralized manner. Sovereignty lies with the people, whose will is the basis of authority which, is exercised through the organs of public power and through the forms of direct participation set forth by the Constitution. The non-renewable natural resources of the state’s territory are property of the state, inalienable, unrenounceable and imprescriptible.
Art. 2.- The flag, the emblem and the national anthem, established by law, are the symbols of the country. Castilian is the official language of Ecuador; Castilian, Kichwa and Shuar are official languages of intercultural relations. The remaining ancestral languages are in official use by the indigenous peoples in the areas that they inhabit according to the terms established by law. The state will respect and encourage their use.
Art. 3.- Fundamental Duties of The State:
1. To guarantee without discrimination of any kind the true enjoyment of the rights established by the Constitution, and in international instruments, in particular education, health, nutrition, social security and water for its inhabitants.
2. To guarantee and defend national sovereignty.
3. To fortify national unity and diversity.
4. To guarantee that lay ethics are to be maintained in public service and judicial ordinance.
5. To plan the development of the state, eradicate poverty, promote sustainable development and the equitable redistribution of resources and wealth, to accede to the good life (sumak kawsay).
6. To promote the equitable and supportive development of the entire territory, by means of fortification of the process of autonomies and decentralization.
7. To protect the natural assets of the country.
8. To guarantee to its inhabitants the right to a culture of peace, to integral security and to live in a democratic society and free of corruption.
Art. 4.- The territory of Ecuador, a geographic and historical unity of natural, social and cultural dimensions, is the legacy of our ancestors and ancestral peoples. This territory includes the continental and maritime spaces, the adjacent islands, the territorial sea, the Galapagos Archipelago, the soil, the continental shelf, the continental subsoil and the superjacent space, insular and maritime. Its limits are determined by those treaties that are in force. The territory of Ecuador is inalienable, unrenounceable and inviolable. No one shall assault the territorial unity nor encourage secession. The capital of Ecuador is Quito. The Ecuadorian state shall exercise rights over the corresponding segments of the synchronous geostationary orbit, the maritime spaces and the Antarctic.
Art. 5.- Ecuador is a territory of peace. It does not permit the establishment of foreign military bases, or foreign installations with military purposes. It prohibits the cession of national military bases to foreign armed forces or security forces.