BIBLIOGRAPHY.--Bishop R. Caldwell, _A Comparative Grammar of the Dravidian or South-Indian Family of Languages_ (London, 1856; 2nd edition, 1875); Dr Friedrich Müller, _Reise der österreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 1858, 1859, unter den Befehlen des Commodore B. von Wüllerstorff-Urbair: Linguistischer Theil._ (Wien, 1867, pp. 73 and ff.); Dr Friedrich Müller, _Grundriss der Sprachwissenschaft_, vol. iii. (Wien, 1884), pp. 106 and ff.; G. A. Grierson, _Linguistic Survey of India_, vol. iv. "Munda and Dravidian Languages" (Calcutta, 1906), pp. 277 and ff. by Sten Konow. (S. K.)
[1] In Dravidian words a line above a vowel shows that it is long. The dotted consonants t, d, and n are pronounced by striking the tip of the tongue against the centre of the hard palate. The dotted l is distinguished from l in a similar way. Its sound, however, differs in the different districts. A Greek [chi] marks the sound of _ch_ in "loch"; _s_ is the English _sh_; _c_ the _ch_ in "church"; and _ri_ is an _r_ which is used as a vowel. In the list of Dravidian languages the names are spelt fully, with all the necessary diacritical marks. In the rest of the article dots under consonants have been omitted in these words.
DRAWBACK, in commerce, the paying back of a duty previously paid upon the exportation of excisable articles or upon the re-exportation of foreign goods. The object of a drawback is to enable commodities which are subject to taxation to be exported and sold in a foreign country on the same terms as goods from countries where they are untaxed. It differs from a bounty in that the latter enables commodities to be sold abroad at less than their cost price; it may occur, however, under certain conditions that the giving of a drawback has an effect equivalent to that of a bounty, as in the case of the so-called sugar bounties in Germany (see SUGAR). The earlier tariffs contained elaborate tables of the drawbacks allowed on the exportation or re-exportation of commodities, but so far as the United Kingdom is concerned the system of "bonded warehouses" practically abolished drawbacks, as commodities can be warehoused (placed "in bond") until required for subsequent exportation.