I. (a, A, B, C, d). II. (a)(A, B, C)(d). III. (aA[alpha])(bB[beta])(cC[gamma]). IV. (a)(A)([alpha], b)(B)([beta], c)(C)([gamma]).
The American industry approximates to the first type, while the English approximates rather to the last. Differences in respect of specialism by range of product are not shown in the formulae.
_Other Parts of America._--Little need be said of the cotton industry in other parts of the New World. In Canada in 1909 there were, approximately, 855,000 Spindles, and in Mexico in 1906, where the first factory was established in 1834, 450,000 Spindles. In Brazil also there is an appreciable number of spindles, distributed (in 1895) among 134 factories, which are located chiefly in Rio de Janeiro and Minas Geraes, and are run for the most part by turbines and water-wheels.
_Germany._--In Germany the cotton industry is by no means so intensely localized as in England, but three large districts may be distinguished:--
1. The north-west district, which consists of the Rhine Province and Westphalia and contained 1¾ million spindles in 1901.
2. The country north of the mountain ranges of northern Bohemia comprises the middle district, which contained 2½ million spindles in 1901. In Saxony the industry has been carried on for four centuries.
3. Alsace, Baden, Württemberg and Bavarian Swabia make up the south-west district, to which some 3½ million spindles were assigned. It is in close proximity to the cotton districts of east France, Switzerland and Vorarlberg.
According to Oppel (1902) the German spinning industry is chiefly localized in--
Prussia with 2020 thousand spindles Saxony " 1870 " " Alsace " 1600 " " Bavaria " 1390 " "
The spindles of Württemberg, which stands next, do not much exceed half a million. Only sixteen places in Germany (shown in tabular form on p. 169) contained as many as 100,000 spindles in 1901.
+------------------+-------------+---------------+-------------+ | | Spindles in | | Spindles in | | | Thousands. | | Thousands. | +------------------+-------------+---------------+-------------+ | Mülhausen | 471 | Chemnitz | 195 | | Augsburg | 373 | Gebweiler | 187 | | Gronau | 274 | Leipzig | 182 | | Werdau | 249 | Crimmitzschau | 168 | | Rheydt | 248 | Logelbach | 141 | | München-Gladbach | 216 | Bocholt | 128 | | Rheine | 198 | Bamberg | 125 | | Hof | 196 | Bayreuth | 100 | +------------------+-------------+---------------+-------------+