Shangchuan Island (, also known as "Schangschwan", "Sancian", "Sanchão", "Chang-Chuang", "St. John's Island" or "St John Island") is the main island of Chuanshan Archipelago on the southern coast of Guangdong, China. Its name originated from São João ("Saint John" in Portuguese).
Administratively, it is a part of Chuandao (), Taishan. Located from the mainland, it became the largest island in Guangdong after Hainan Island (the largest island in the country) was carved out of the province in 1988.
The area of the island is , and has a population of 16,320.
It is known for having been the place of death of St. Francis Xavier. Nowadays, it is a tourist site in Guangdong.
History
Shangchuan Island was one of the first bases established by the Portuguese off the China coast, during the 16th century. They abandoned this base after the Chinese government gave consent for a permanent and official Portuguese trade base at Macau in 1557.
The Spanish (Navarre) Jesuit missionary St. Francis Xavier died on the island on December 3, 1552, as he was waiting for a ship to take him to mainland China. There is a small chapel that commemorates his death place, designed by Achille-Antoine Hermitte and completed in 1869.
Geography
The island has been isolated from the mainland since the last ice age. It is located near Xiachuan Island, which lies west of Shangchuan. The two islands, together with smaller islets, form Chuanshan Archipelago.
Shangshuan Island has an area of 137.3 km2 and a 217 km coastline.
Settlements on the island include: Dalangwan Shadi (), a fishing port on the southwestern coast
Climate
Economy
Shangchuan and Xiachuan have been established as a Tourism Open Integrated Experimental Zone (旅游开发综合试验区, pinyin: lǚyóu kāifā zōnghé shìyàn qū).
Feisha Beach Resort () is a commercial tourist resort located on the island's eastern shore.
Transportation
Shangchuan Island is linked by ferry to Guanghai, Haiyan (Shanju) and Xiachuan Island.
See also
Chuanshan Archipelago
Tamão, Lampacau, Shuangyu
List of islands of the People's Republic of China
List of islands in the South China Sea
List of Jesuit sites
Notes and references
Further reading
External links
General
Satellite view on Google Maps
Website about Shangchuan
Shangchuan on taishan.com
on tsinfo.com.cn
Pictures of the island (click on the links on the left to view more)
Maps
Old map
Francis Xavier Chapel
Picture of Shangchuan island. The chapel marks the location of Francis Xavier's death Another picture of the chapel Satellite view of the chapel