The Hutt by-election was a by-election in the New Zealand electorate of Hutt, an urban seat at the bottom of the North Island. The by-election was held on 18 December 1929, and was precipitated by the resignation of sitting United member of parliament Thomas Wilford on who had been appointed the High Commissioner to the United Kingdom by Prime Minister Joseph Ward. The by-election was contested by Walter Nash of the Labour Party, James Kerr from the United Party and Harold Johnston of the Reform Party. The lead up to the by-election was marred by harsh words between candidates.
Candidates and selection process
Labour Party
After standing in Hutt for Labour in both and , Walter Nash's selection as the Labour candidate for the by-election came as no surprise. Nash came a respectable second to Wilford and was seen as well capable of winning the seat. He was the current General Secretary of the Labour Party and was thus well known. Local newspaper The Hutt News (part owned by another candidate James Kerr) printed several articles through the campaigning attempting to discredit Nash as a Soviet-style socialist. Peter Fraser served as the campaign organiser, and Mark Fagan was Nash's election secretary. Just as the campaign was about to begin, a local businessman named Nash had been recently divorced and rumours spread that it was Walter Nash. To quell this canard Nash's advertisements featured him alongside his family. The pamphlet featured a portrait of him wearing glasses appearing as (according to his biographer) "... as a bespectacled and possibly severe man, looking more like a schoolmaster than a Labour agitator."
United Party
James Kerr, a resident of Petone, was the official United Party candidate in the election. He was the son of James Kerr, a former member of the Legislative Council. At the time Kerr was the proprietor of the Hutt and Petone Chronicle newspaper, a position he had held since 1912. He previously resided in Greymouth serving as the proprietor of the Grey River Argus. In he stood for the Grey seat against Speaker of the House, Arthur Guinness, being defeated by a small majority. Outgoing MP Thomas Wilford and his wife campaigned intensely on Kerr's behalf. Kerr was a member of the Petone Fire Board, an associate of the Petone Borough Council, President of the Petone Chamber of Commerce, and a member of the Hutt Valley High School Board of Governors. He was one of the foundation members of the United Party, and at the time a member of the executive and had been chairman of Wilford's election committee.
Reform Party
Several names were speculated as possible Reform candidates including the party's candidate Henry Bennett, William Thomas Strand the Mayor of Lower Hutt and former mayor Sir Alex Roberts. Ultimately Harold Johnston was chosen as the Reform Party candidate for the contest. The only other nominee was Victor Jacobsen of Petone. Johnston was a respected lawyer and the fourth son of Charles Johnston, former MP for Te Aro and Speaker of the Legislative Council. Earlier that year the position of Chief Justice was offered to Johnston upon the death of Charles Skerrett, but he declined the offer, with Michael Myers becoming the next Chief Justice instead. Johnston was well known as an able speaker and he was regularly able to draw large crowds to his meetings. Reverend Richard Hobday wrote from Auckland rather critically of Johnston stating "What a weird looking creature Johnston is! He looks exactly like one of the vultures in our Zoo here!" Nash replied, writing more charitably of Johnston. The New Zealand Worker mused that while Johnston had been educated at Wanganui Collegiate School and Oxford University which had "left him with the attractive personality of a graduate of these institutions" but thinking him a Reform member by association rather than genuine conviction.
Independent
Henry Bennett (who contested the seat in 1922 for the Reform party) announced his candidacy as an independent. He proposed to stand in the interests of the country itself, rather than of any particular political party. Bennett was concerned that New Zealand could be 'handed over' to Socialism by a minority vote given the increasing competition for right wing votes by United and Reform. With candidate from both parties standing Bennett was not ignorant of the fact that he too was helping to split the anti-Labour vote, but claimed his hopes were that both would withdraw their candidates in favour of himself. However, his plea fell on deaf ears with United wanting to retain their seat and Reform seeking to supersede United in seats. As a result, Bennett withdrew and hoped either Kerr or Johnston would prevail.