Tank District (, ; ) is a district in the Dera Ismail Khan Division of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.
The city of Tank is the headquarter of the district, which consists of Union Council City I and Union Council City II. There are sixteen Union councils in the district Tank. Until 1992, Tank was a tehsil within Dera Ismail Khan district. Tank is bordered with the district of Lakki Marwat in the northeast, Dera Ismail Khan in the east, FR Tank in the north and the South Waziristan district in the west. The temperature of Tank reaches 110–120 °F in summer. However, in the winter, it is normal. People of the mountainous regions of the west usually come to Tank to avoid cold weather and then return during the summer.
History
Macedonian flight
At the Battle of the Hydaspes (now the Beas River), fought between Alexander the Great's army and the Indian king Purushotthama (better known as Porus), the Macedonian army refused to go any further. It is said that the Alexander's army was at risk of being trapped, or was faced by an enemy army too big to defeat, and had to retreat southwards through the Makran desert.
Arrival of Islam
Islam came in the Tank region in the eighth century A.D., when Umayyad general Muhammad Bin Qasim attacked the Multan region and the nearby areas. The tribe known as Arain in the Tank district is the generation of those Arab soldiers who came towards Multan with Muhammad Bin Qasim.
Modern history
Finally, the Sikhs from the south overran the local tribes. They annexed the land in 1838. Somewhere in the midst of this turmoil, the British were assembling against the Pashtuns and the First British-Afghan War commenced. The British took over in 1848. The British regiments weren't able to occupy the entire territory and remained in the camps at the foothills of the mountains, while the harsh and dangerous upland terrain remained unexplored. "...even the shadows of the hills were hazardous." The eastern border of the Kingdom of Kabul was undefined until 1893 when the Durand Line was established. Under the same agreement, the tribes of Waziristan were clearly designated as being under the British rule.
The British negotiated with the tribes through their agents in the border towns and Tank was a centre of negotiation with the Mahsud tribe. For the Britishers, the Mahsud tribe was the most difficult to control. In 1860, when the Mullah Shaleem Kaka Machi Khel Mahsud's army attacked the British with a 3000 strong armed-men, the British were forced to penetrate into the territory of Tank to control them.
In January 1899, Lord Curzon was appointed as the Viceroy of India. Reaching India shortly after the suppression of the frontier risings of 1897–98, he paid special attention to the independent tribes of the north-west frontier and inaugurated a new province called the North-West Frontier Province (now Khyber Pakhtunkhwa), and pursued a policy of forceful control mingled with conciliation. The only major armed outbreak on this frontier during the period of his administration was the Mahsud Waziri campaign of 1901.
Post-independence
After the partition of the subcontinent, the Tank district became a part of Pakistan. In 2018, the Frontier Region Tank was formally merged with Tank district.
Administration
The district contains two Tehsils - Tank and Jandola. And is represented in the Provincial Assembly by one elected MPA, who represents the PF-69 (Tank-1) constituency.
Tehsils
Tank Tehsil ()() Jandola Tehsil ()() formerly Frontier Region Tank ()()
Demographics
At the time of the 2017 census, the district had 46,731 households and a population of 427,044. Tank had a sex ratio of 951 females per 1000 males and a literacy rate of 40.98% - 59.98% for males and 21.35% for females. 47,064 (11.02%) people lived in urban areas while the remaining in rural areas. 34.90% of the population was under 10 years of age. 503 (0.12%) people in the district were from religious minorities, mainly Christians and Sikhs.
At the time of the 2017 census, 81.87% of the population spoke Pashto and 16.05% Saraiki as their first language.
People make their livelihood by farming, falcon catching, migration for employment to the Persian Gulf, or through businesses in Tank.
"Jirga" means council. These are the religious circles and a group of people that decide the fate of the dwellers and rule the people by their sets of laws and principles.