Scrofulous children, namely, those in whom the resistance to micro-organisms and their products is low, pre-eminently require sea air, and had better be educated at some seaside place. Where the child is very delicate, with small power of reaction, the winter should be passed on some mild coast resort. Gouty and rheumatic affections require a dry soil and warm dry climate, cold and moist winds being especially injurious.
For heart affections high altitudes are to be avoided, though some physicians make an exception of mitral cases where the compensation is good. Moderate elevations of 500 to 1500 ft. are preferable to the sea-level.
In diseases of the kidneys, a warm dry climate, by stimulating the action of the skin, lessens the work to be done by these organs, and thus is the most beneficial. Extremes of heat and cold and elevated regions are all to be avoided.
[1] A. Supan, _Grundzüge der physischen Erdkunde_ (Leipzig, 1896), 88-89. Also _Atlas of Meteorology_, Pl. 1.
[2] W.M. Davis, _Elementary Meteorology_ (Boston, 1894), pp. 334-335.
[3] A. Supan, _Grundzüge der physischen Erdkunde_ (3rd ed., Leipzig, 1903), pp. 211-214. Also _Atlas of Meteorology_, Pl. 1.
[4] Approximately Lisbon has 28.60 in.; Madrid, 16.50; Algiers, 28.15; Nice, 33.00; Rome, 29.90; Ragusa, 63.90.
[5] i.e. lines drawn on a map to connect all places having an equal rainfall.
[6] _Nature_, lxxi. (Jan. 5, 1905), p. 221.
CLIMAX, JOHN (c. 525-600 A.D.), ascetic and mystic, also called Scholasticus and Sinaïtes. After having spent forty years in a cave at the foot of mount Sinai, he became abbot of the monastery. His life has been written by Daniel, a monk belonging to the monastery of Raithu, on the Red Sea. He derives his name Climax (or Climacus) from his work of the same name ([Greek: Klimax tou Paradeisou], ladder to Paradise), in thirty sections, corresponding to the thirty years of the life of Christ. It is written in a simple and popular style. The first part treats of the vices that hinder the attainment of holiness, the second of the virtues of a Christian.
EDITIONS.--J. P. Migne, _Patrologia graeca_, lxxxviii. (including the biography by Daniel); S. Eremites (Constantinople, 1883); see also C. Krumbacher, _Geschichte der byzantinischen Litteratur_ (1897); Gass-Krüger in Herzog-Hauck, _Realencyklopädie für protestantische Theologie_, Bd. 9 (1901). The _Ladder_ has been translated into several foreign languages--into English by Father Robert, Mount St Bernard's Abbey, Leicestershire (1856).