[35] Also in the 17th century a John Barkstead was granted a patent for a method of manufacturing cotton goods, but the method is not described. 1691, Specification 276.
[36] In the parliamentary reports (1840), xxiv. p. 611, the invention of the swivel-loom is claimed for a "Van Anson." It is a plausible supposition that by "Van Anson" is meant Vaucanson, as he appears to have improved the swivel-loom. But he could not have been the original inventor, since in 1724 (that is, when Vaucanson was at the most fifteen years of age) they were being employed in Manchester.
[37] Aikin, pp. 175-176, and Guest, p. 44. An explanation of the mechanism of the swivel-loom will be found in the _Encyclopédie méthodique, manufactures, arts et métiers_, pt. i. vol. ii. pp. 202, 208, and _Recueil de planches_, vol. vi. (1786), pp. 72-78.
[38] Figures for the years above up to 1838 will be found in parliamentary reports (1840), xxiv. p. 611.
[39] This is the manuscript diary of a weaver of Oldham roughly covering the period 1787 to 1830. It is now in the Oldham public library. Mr S. Andrew edited extracts from it in a series of articles in the _Standard_ (an Oldham paper), under the title _Annals of Oldham_, beginning January 1, 1887.
[40] Printed in _British Industries_. Edited by W. J. Ashley.
[41] This is explained in the article COTTON: _Marketing and Supply_.
[42] See chapter on cotton in Bowley's _Wages in the United Kingdom_ and table there given.
[43] A detailed analysis of the whole labour question in the cotton industry will be found in Chapman's _Lancashire Cotton Industry_.
[44] There are other permissible arrangements, namely from 7 to 7 and from 8 to 8, but they are not used in the textile trades of Lancashire.
[45] The figures for looms are based upon a number of returns and estimates. Those for spindles are taken from the highly authoritative estimates of the International Federation of Master Cotton Spinners.
[46] _Journal of Board of Trade_, April 28th, 1904.
[47] The early history of the industry in the United States is summarized in one of the official bulletins of the state of Massachusetts, dated 1798. See W. R. Bagnall, _Textile Industries of the U. S._ (1893).
[48] See also the official report of J. P. Harris-Gastrell in 1873.