9. The Pestilence and the Council of Trent.--The report of a pestilence was a mere pretense. The Pope Paul III was equally zealous of the council which had not been disposed in all respects to govern itself by his prescription, and of the governing power of the emperor, which he did not wish to see farther increased by the council. He indeed hated the Protestants, but he did not wish to see the emperor, under color of enforcing the decrees of the council, acquire a more absolute authority over Germany. He had already withdrawn his troops from the imperial army; and he now wished to see the council dispersed. The Spanish members opposed him; but he found means to prevail.--Schlegel.
1. What centuries may be considered as the age of moral and spiritual darkness?
3. Give an instance illustrating the pride and insolence of the popes. (Note 1.)
5. From what period do historians date the "revival of learning?"
6. What several inventions and circumstances contributed to the intellectual awakening of Europe?
7. What effect did the fall of the eastern division of the Roman empire have on the west?
8. What was the influence of ancient literature on the west? (Note 2.)
9. What circumstances led to the enlargement of the liberty of the masses?
10. Describe land tenure under the feudal system.
12. Who aroused the nations of western Europe to undertake the Crusades?
13. What effect did the Crusades have on the feudal system of land tenure and liberty?
{ 228} 14. What did this enlarged liberty prepare the people for?
15. What event is usually considered the beginning of the Reformation?
16. Give an account of the birth and parentage of Martin Luther.
17. What schools did he attend and with what result?
18. What effect was produced by his visit to Rome?
20. What doctrine respecting the efficacy of Christ's blood was advanced by Pope Clement VI?
21. What doctrine is held by the Roman Catholic church about the atonement of Christ for sin?
22. Of what did the temporary punishments for sin usually consist--that is, in early times?
25. What excuse was made by the pope for the vigorous sale of indulgences in the 16th century?
26. Who hawked indulgences in the part of Germany where Luther lived?
27. What was the character of Tetzel? (Note 5.)