India had earlier planned the ‘Gaganyaan’ mission to be achieved by 2022, the 75th anniversary of India’s Independence. However, due to COVID-19, this mission and many other space missions have been delayed. This is also evident in the reduced expenditure of the Department of Space (DoS), particularly the capital expenditure. In a written reply to a question in the Rajya Sabha in February 2022, the Union government said that the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) launched a total of 129 satellites of Indian origin and 342 foreign satellites belonging to 36 countries, since 1975. With the setting up of the Indian National Committee for Space Research (INCOSPAR) in 1962, Space related activities in the country were initiated. The ISRO was established in 1969. With the impetus for space research over the years, India is now among the handful of countries that have achieved different milestones in space exploration. In the same response, the government stated that India currently has 53 operational satellites in space – 21 being communication satellites, 8 related to Navigation, 21 Earth Observation satellites and 3 science satellites. These satellites provide services to various sectors including – broadcasting, mobile communication, education, agriculture, etc. underlining the importance of space operations. Hence, the allocation of resources towards the Space Programme & various space-related activities are important. In June 1972, the Space Commission, and the Department of Space (DoS) were constituted by the Government of India and ISRO was brought under DoS in September 1972. In this story, we look at the recent trends in budget allocation towards the Department of Space. Actual Expenditure of DoS fell by 27% in the pandemic year of 2020-21 In an earlier story, we highlighted that the actual expenditure towards the various Departments under the Ministry of Science & Technology reduced in 2020-21 compared to 2019-20. The impact of the pandemic is visible even in the case of the Department of Space (DoS). The Budget estimate for 2020-21 before the onset of the pandemic was Rs. 13.48 thousand crores, higher than the budget estimates for 2019-20. With the onset of the pandemic, the estimates were revised & reduced to Rs. 9.5 thousand crores. The trends in earlier years indicate that the revised Estimates and the actual expenditure are usually higher than the budget estimates. The actual expenditure of DoS in 2020-21 was Rs. 9.47 thousand crores, around 27% lower than the Rs. 13.02 thousand crores spent in 2019-20. This was only about 70% of the budget estimates for 2020-21. The budget estimates for 2021-22 were increased to Rs.13.95 thousand crores, but the revised estimates reduced the amount to Rs. 12.64 thousand crores. In contrast to the trend, the budget estimates for 2022-23 at Rs. 13.7 thousand crores are lower than the budget estimates for 2021-22. Actual Capital Expenditure was around 60% of the budget estimates for 2020-21 As highlighted, the actual expenditure of DoS was only 70% of the budget estimates for 2020-21. Both the revenue expenditure and the capital expenditure of DoS decreased during the pandemic hit 2020-21. However, the major reduction was in the case of capital expenditure. In 2020-21, the actual capital expenditure was reduced to Rs. 4.63 thousand crores compared to the budget estimates of Rs. 7.78 thousand crores. On the other hand, the actual revenue expenditure was Rs. 4.84 thousand crores compared to the budget estimates of Rs. 5.7 thousand crores. Overall, while the capital expenditure in 2020-21 for the DoS was only about 60% of the budget estimates, the revenue expenditure was more than 80% of the budget estimates. Over the years, the growth in capital expenditure was higher compared to the revenue expenditure, which is indicative of increased spending towards initiatives like research & building infrastructure. In 2019-20, the actual capital expenditure was Rs. 7.18 thousand crores, 30% higher than 2018-19. This push towards higher capital expenditure was halted in 2020-21, the pandemic year. In 2021-22, the budget estimates for capital expenditure of DoS were higher at Rs. 8.29 thousand crores. However, the estimates have now been revised to Rs. 6.92 thousand crores while there is no change in the estimates for revenue expenditure. What is evident is that the pandemic has been affecting plans related to research, infrastructure, etc. while revenue expenditure like establishment expenses, salaries, etc. has not been reduced. Capital Outlay on Space Research reduced by 55 % in 2020-21 The actual revenue expenditure incurred towards Space Research in 2020-21 was Rs. 4.81 thousand crores compared to Rs. 5.78 thousand crores in 2019-20.