Mary Rebecca Stewart Bird (1859–1914) was a Church Mission Society (CMS) missionary who pioneered Christian ministry to Iranian women and women's medical missions in the CMS.
Although she had received no official medical training, Bird was the first female medical missionary to be employed by the CMS. Born in a weakened state, Bird died in 1914 at the age of fifty-five leaving behind a vibrant medical ministry in Iran.
Family
Mary Bird was born into a family filled with Christian bishops, clergy, politicians, travellers, explorers, and philanthropists. Mary Bird's father—Charles Robinson Bird (1819–1886)—was the rector of the English village Castle Eden, her grandfather—Robert Merttins Bird (1788–1853)—was the head of the Revenue Department of the North West Provinces of India, and Isabella Bird—the intrepid woman traveller, writer, and explorer—was the cousin of Mary Bird's father. William Wilberforce (1759–1833), John Bird Sumner (1780–1862), Archbishop of Canterbury, and his brother Charles Richard Sumner (1790–1874), Bishop of Winchester, are also remotely related to Bird.
Early life
Mary Bird was the fifth child of a family of six. She was so small when she was born that she was nicknamed "Tiny" by her siblings. When she was five years old, a missionary guest of her father's told her stories of Africa, inspiring her to pledge her life to Christian missions.
She worked closely with her father Charles at the Anglican Castle Eden Rectory until his death in 1886. Later she "refused an offer of marriage from one for whom she had the greatest affection, as she had already offered to go abroad and was convinced that her life-work lay in some foreign land, then unknown to her, and that a life of comparative ease in England was not for her".
In 1891, Bird was accepted by the CMS to travel to Iran and work there as a missionary pioneering women's ministry among the Persians. Before she left, Bird prepared by studying for a few months at "The Willows", a training college for women workers in Stoke Newington, England.
Career
The CMS
The Church Mission Society had established itself in Iran in 1869 but the only women present at that time were married. While married women still provided valuable ministry, in the nineteenth century it increasingly became recognized that single women could also provide unique ministry advantages—such as greater time to be able to devote to working with and evangelizing indigenous women. CMS ministry to specifically women in Iran did not develop in full until Bird was contacted to pursue this area of missions.
Medical Missions
Bird arrived in Iran with “Miss Stubbs” who was to head up a school for girls. When Bird arrived in 1891, there were only four other CMS missionaries in Iran. In 1894 missionary Dr. Donald Carr had taken over medical work from Dr. E. F. Hoernle who had begun working in Julfa with the CMS in 1879. By the time Bird arrived in 1891, however, the mission had been without a medical missionary for some time.
Bird relates in her book Persian Women and Their Creed that for the first several months of her stay in Iran she devoted herself to learning the Persian and Arabic languages. After this, she attempted to build relationships with Persian women but was for the most part rejected by the community. Bird faced many similar female hardships as Teresa Kearney. When she used her limited first aid skills to cure a small boy of malaria, however, she quickly grew fame as a doctor. In England, she had been considered too weak to work in medicine but Bird saw it as her duty to provide what medical care she could even though she had received no formal training. Bird had medical books sent from England and spent many hours in study to improve her skills. Qualified doctors and nurses after observing Bird's work commended her medical abilities. One doctor commented, “If she had made medicine her profession, she would have been in the front rank of women doctors. She worked with me . . . and I had the very greatest admiration for her work as a ‘doctor.’” Medical work provided a strategic base for evangelism and Bird opened a small dispensary in Isfahan in 1894.
Bird most often worked alone but took every opportunity to work with foreign doctors. In 1897 Dr. Emmeline Stuart took over Bird’s work in Isfahan leaving Bird free to open dispensaries in Yezd and then in Kerman. In the last three and a half years of Bird’s time in Iran, ten doctors and six nurses had taken over her work in Isfahan, Yezd, and Kerman. Bird appreciated this because it gave her greater time for teaching and evangelizing.