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Italicised texts in the original work have been transcribed between _underscores_; small capitals have been transcribed as CAPITALS. Greek has been transcribed as for example [pi] for single letters and [Greek: lithos] for words. The oe-ligatures are represented by [OE] and [oe]. Super- and subscript x are transcribed as ^{ x} and _{ x}, respectively. [|O] and [O|] represent a solid and an open circle with a vertical line, respectively. [sqrt] and [cbrt] represent square and cube roots. [S] represents a letter S rotated 90 degrees, [V] an upside-down V. The symbols for proportion and therefore have been transcribed as [::] and [:.]. In ([26 × 2] + [40 × 2]) the original work has a horizontal line over the numbers between the square brackets.
More Transcriber's notes may be found at the end of this text.
A DICTIONARY OF ARTS, MANUFACTURES, AND MINES: CONTAINING A CLEAR EXPOSITION OF THEIR PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE.
ANDREW URE, M.D. F.R.S. M.G.S. M.A.S. LOND.; M. ACAD. N.S. PHILAD.; S. PH. SOC. N. GERM. HANOV.; MULII. ETC. ETC.
ILLUSTRATED WITH TWELVE HUNDRED AND FORTY ENGRAVINGS ON WOOD.
LONDON: PRINTED FOR LONGMAN, ORME, BROWN, GREEN, & LONGMANS, PATERNOSTER-ROW.
LONDON: Printed by A. SPOTTISWOODE, New-Street-Square.
It is the business of operative industry to produce, transform, and distribute all such material objects as are suited to satisfy the wants of mankind. The primary production of these objects is assigned to the husbandman, the fisherman, and the miner; their transformation to the manufacturer and artisan; and their distribution to the engineer, shipwright, and sailor.[1] The unworked or raw materials are derived,--1. from the organic processes of vegetables and animals, conducted either without or with the fostering care of man; 2. from the boundless stores of mineral and metallic wealth, arranged upon or within the surface of the earth by the benignant Parent of our being, in the fittest condition to exercise our physical and intellectual powers in turning them to the uses of life.
[1] For correct and copious information upon _agricultural_ production, I have great pleasure in referring my readers to Mr. Loudon's elaborate _Encyclopedias of Agriculture, Gardening, and Plants_; and for _mercantile_ production and distribution, to Mr. M'Culloch's excellent _Dictionary of Commerce and Commercial Navigation_.