1: This Ode is addressed to his Friend, an illustrious Roman, who had lost a beloved Son. The poetic literature of Titus Valgius is ascertained by the honourable mention made of him by Horace, in his Tenth Satire, Book the First. Valgius, like Sir Brooke Boothby, in these days, had poured forth a train of elegiac Sorrows over the blight of his filial hopes. Horace does not severely reprove these woes, he only wishes they may not be eternal, and that he will, at least, suspend them and share the public joy; for this Ode was composed while the splendid victories, which Augustus had obtained in the East, were recent.
2: The _Caspian_ is a stormy and harbourless Sea--Yet the Poet observes that not even the _Caspian_ is _always_ tempestuous--insinuating, that inevitable as his grief must be for such a loss, it yet ought not to be incessant.
3: The coldness of _Armenia_ is well known, surrounded as it is by the high mountains of _Niphates_, _Taurus_, _Pariades_, _Antiaurus_, and _Ararat_, which are always covered with snow.
4: VESPER--alike the Evening and Morning Star--appearing _first_ and remaining last in the Horizon, it ushers in both the Evening and the Dawn. In the first instance it is called Vesper, or Hesperus, in the last Lucifer, or Phospher.
5: _Filial Hopes._ Antilochus, the Son of Nestor, observing his Father likely to fall in Battle, by the sword of his Adversary, threw himself between the Combatants, and thus sacrificed his own life to preserve that of his Parent.
6: By the Rivers _Medus_, and _Niphates_, are meant the _Parthians_, or _Scythians_, for they are the same people, and the _Armenians_. The River Tigris, rising in the cold Mountain, Niphates, Horace gives its name to the Stream, as he does that of Medus to the Euphrates, which Plato asserts to have been formerly so called. Uniting those Rivers in his verse, the Poet means to denote the Roman Conquest over two Enemies widely distant from each other.
7: The Scythians, or Parthians, were a warlike People, famous for their Equestrian prowess, for the speed of their horses, and for the unerring aim of their arrows, shot when flying on full speed. Augustus obliged their King, Phraätes, not only to restore the Roman Standards and Prisoners, taken many years before, but to withdraw his Troops from Armenia.