The tide rises seven feet at Suez, and forces the water up the canal to the Bitter Lakes, which operate like a safety valve, distributing the water and returning it when the tide recedes.
The Mediterranean being a tideless sea, the water runs naturally through the canal to the Bitter Lakes. Most of the commerce of the East passes through the canal, instead of around the Cape of Good Hope, as formerly. In 1887 there passed through the canal 3,137 vessels, of which 2,330 were British, and only three American. I know of no greater illustration of the fallibility of human judgment than that the English opposed the building of this canal. Lord Palmerston said it could not be built, and if done, would never pay, or be any good to commerce; and now seventy-five per cent. of the tonnage passing through it is British, and it is of immense importance to them, both politically and in a business way. But for the persistent energy of M. de Lesseps, it is safe to say the canal would not have been built for many years, if ever.
The average passages through the canal from the Mediterranean to the Red Sea have been eighteen hours, Captain Loggin having made the shortest in fifteen hours; but when the enlargement is completed, so that vessels may make an uninterrupted passage each way, the time may be reduced to twelve hours. The stock of the company has paid as high as twenty-one per cent., and I was informed that our steamer, the _Khedive_, had several hundred cases of silk on board, and that she would pay about seven thousand dollars transit charges. Every steamer passing through the canal now makes use of the electric light; those not having a dynamo on board hire one at Port Said in Suez for ten pounds sterling per trip, including two men to run it.
On the 13th at 1 P.M. we took the train at Ismaïlia, had a first-class carriage and agreeable company. For half the distance we passed through a sandy desert, but when we came to the station Tel-el-Kebir, near which Wolseley routed the Egyptian army, the country improved, great fields of sugar-cane, lentils, grain, and grass were to be seen; men were ploughing, and others gathering the crops, assisted by camels, bullocks, and donkeys. In one instance, a camel was harnessed to a bullock drawing a plough. The people were everywhere industrious, and the fields looked in splendid condition. Very often we saw large flocks of sheep and goats, and soon we came in sight of a long arched bridge spanning the Nile. After crossing this we entered a fine depot at Cairo, where there was the usual clamor of hackmen, but our conductor rescued us from these land sharks, and we were soon at the Royal Hotel and I found my room, which had been engaged, and directly a package of letters and papers were handed to me, which were very welcome.