St. Malo, John of Gaunt defeated at, ii. 315
Saintonge restored to Edward III., ii. 266; won by Du Guesclin, 287
St. Vincent, Cape, battles of, viii. 40, 127
St. Vincent, island of, conquered by England, vii. 307
Salisbury, cathedral at, ii. 106; Protestant martyrs at, iv. 96
Salisbury, Margaret, countess of, iii. 349
Salisbury, Robert Cecil, first earl of. _See_ Cecil
Salisbury, James Cecil, third earl of, vi. 288
Salisbury, William Longsword, earl of, i. 337, 342, 343, 345
Salisbury, William de Montacute, second earl of, ii. 306, 345, 352
Salisbury, John de Montacute, third earl of, ii. 380; iii. 8, 9
Salisbury, Thomas de Montacute, fourth earl of, iii. 45
Salisbury, Richard Neville, earl of, iii. 73, 74, 75, 78, 112
Sancroft, Archbishop of Canterbury, vii. 30, 45, 65
Sandwich, Edward Montagu, first earl of, vi. 193, 214
Saratoga, Burgoyne's surrender at, viii. 26
Sardinia conquered by Spain, vii. 187; the duke of Savoy made king of, 188
Sarum, Old, captured by the West Saxons, i. 37
Savoy joins the Grand Alliance, vii. 119; joins the Triple Alliance, 187, 188
"Savoy," the, ii. 32, 263, 321; conference at, vi. 204
Saxons, their early home, i. 10; attack Britain, 28, 29, 31, 33, 34. _See_ East Saxons, Middle Saxons, South Saxons, West Saxons
Saxony, Frederic III., elector of, iii. 254
Say and Sele, James Fiennes, first Lord, iii. 66
Saye and Sele, William Fiennes, first Viscount, v. 320, 354, 358; vi. 194
Scales, Anthony Woodville, Lord, iii. 130, 131. _See_ Rivers
Scarborough, Piers Gaveston besieged in, ii. 190; peasant revolt at, 324
Schmalkald, League of, iii. 336; iv. 36, 50
Scholasticism, ii. 21, 22; its political influence, 22, 23
Schools, English language supersedes French in, ii. 356, 357; founded by Ælfred, i. 114; under Henry VIII., iii. 200, 201; under Edward VI., 201; iv. 62; under Elizabeth, iii. 201; at Bec, i. 159; at Canterbury, 92; at Jarrow, 91; at York, _ib._; of the Friars, ii. 14; Sunday, viii. 47
Science, physical, Roger Bacon's plea for, ii. 20; its beginnings in England, iii. 190; vi. 131, 132, 166, 167
Scone, crowning-place of the Scottish kings, ii. 162; Robert Bruce crowned at, 173; Edward Balliol crowned at, 210; Charles II. crowned at, vi. 82.
Scotland, its relations with William the Conqueror, i. 189; with William Rufus, 197; three divisions of the kingdom, ii. 131; relations with England in eleventh and twelfth centuries, 132-134; English claims to its homage, 134, 135; claimants of the crown, 136; Edward I. acknowledged as its overlord, 137; question of appeals from, 140; relations with France during Hundred Years' War, 141, 197, 213; submits to Edward I., 161; rises against him, 167-170; its overlordship claimed by the Pope, 170; Edward's first conquest and settlement of, 171, 172; his plan for its representation in English Parliament, 171; rises again, 173; Bruce's successes in, 191-193; truce with England, 196; renewed strife, 204; its independence recognized, 205; struggle with Edward III., 210-214; David Bruce's plans for the succession, 264; relations with Henry IV., iii. 7, 9; with Owen Glyndwr, 11; condition after Neville's Cross, 182, 183; relations with France and England, 184; with Henry VII., 185; condition after 1524, iv. 22, 23; league with France, 23; relations with Henry VIII., 26-28; Hertford's invasion of, 29; Somerset's relations with, 52, 53; Protestantism in, 111, 112, 115, 117; condition under Mary of Guise and the Lords of the Congregation, 168, 169; strife of religions in, 218; unites against Mary, 245; condition during minority of James VI., v. 122, 124; work of the Stuarts in, 125, 126; political effect of the Reformation in, 127; character and rise of the people, 129, 130, 135; proposal for its union with England, 154; relations with Charles I., 325-328, 330, 333, 334; revolution in, 334, 335; rising in, 337; seeks help of France, 338, 339; struggle with Charles, 341, 342; pacification, 363; Charles I. in, _ib._, 364; treaty with the English Parliament, vi. 14, 16; first union with England, 85, 108; its first representation in the English Parliament, 99, 101; condition under Cromwell, 108, 109; its union with England dissolved, 180; Covenant abolished and Episcopacy restored in, 181; policy of Lauderdale in, 259; condition under James II., vii. 16, 17; William III. recognized as king in, 51; Jacobite risings in, 52, 183, 228-230; Presbyterianism restored in, 54; union with England, 127-129