Popham, Admiral Sir Home, his scheme for coast defence,
Portsmouth, desertions at, the press-gang at,
Pressed labour (see also Press-gang), antiquity of, for civil occupations, for warfare, means of enforcing, contrary to the spirit of Magna Carta, penalties for resistance, derivation of the term, the classes from which drawn, exemptions from, necessity of, in English Navy, its crippling effect on trade,
Press-gang, the why it was a necessity for the Navy, its services not needed by some captains, what it was, the official and the popular views, the class of men it was composed of, its quarters, landsmen joining the land force not to be pressed for sea service, ship-gangs entirely seamen, varying numbers in gang, the officers, the shore service the grave of promotion, general character of officers ashore, duties of the Regulating Captain, pay and road money, etc., perquisites, peculation, and bribery in the service, sham-gangs, the rendezvous, boat's arms, press warrant, whom the gang might take, primarily those who used the sea, later on trade suffers from the gang, exemption granted as an indulgence, the foreigner first exempted, but not if he had an English wife, and was soon assumed to have one, negroes not exempt, landsmen theoretically only, harvesters were exempt if holding a certificate, gentlemen exempt if dressed as such, only those proved to be between eighteen and fifty-five, the position of apprentices was uncertain, to press merchant seamen was resented by trade, masters, mates, boatswains, and carpenters were exempt, colliers were exempt up to a certain proportion, ship protections did not count on shore, mate was not entitled to liberty unless registered at the rendezvous, harpooners were protected out of season on land or on colliers, the press-gang preyed upon its fellows, watermen, bargemen, and canal boat-dwellers were considered to use the see, Thames watermen and some others exempt if certain quota of men supplied, large numbers pressed from Ireland, fishermen indifferently protected, but fisheries fostered, all protected persons bound to carry their protection on them, an error in protection invalidated it, protections often disregarded, special protections, its activities afloat, the merchant seamen the principal quest, the chain of sea-gangs, the outer rings, frigates pressing for their own crews and armed sloops as tenders to ships of the line, and the vessels employed by regulating captains at the large ports, the inner ring of boat-gangs in harbour or on rivers; their methods., methods of pressing at sea, complications arising from pressing at sea, their varied success., and the right to search foreign vessels for English seamen, and convoys, and privateers, and smugglers, smuggling by, and ships in quarantine, and transports, and cartel ships, and pilots, how it was evaded, in the ship, with her or from her, or a combination, hiding on board from, evasions assisted by the skipper, and men in lieu and foreigners in emergency crews, pilots and fisherman taken by, when acting as emergency men, evaded by desertion from the ship, evaded by hiding on land and changing quarters, Cornwall dangerous for, safe retreats from, empowered to take Severn and Wye trow-men, unsuccessful efforts of, evaded by borrowed, forged, and American protections and by disguises, what it did ashore, the sailor betrayed by marked characteristics; sailors outnumbered on shore by the gang, its object the pressing of sailors who escaped the seagangs, its London rendezvous and taverns used.