When the bottomlands had been cut over, lumbering operations were extended onto those hillsides where the better stands of trees were located. The cutting of large, mature oaks, walnuts, and hickories opened up the woodland and permitted large scale encroachment by subclimax species. American elm, especially, sprang up in thickets. Ash, honey locust, cherry, red haw, crab-apple, dogwood, and the introduced osage orange, thrived and spread in the situations to which they were especially adapted. These species largely replaced the original climax. Some of the trees cut, the oaks, sycamores, and hickories, usually produced fast-growing stump sprouts and competed vigorously with the invaders. At each successive cutting, however, the climax species lost ground. American elm, being tremendously prolific of seed, and only a little less tolerant of shading than its climax competitors, soon became the dominant tree of the woodlands.
1950. Deciduous forests of eastern North America. The Blakiston Co., Philadelphia, xiv + 595 pp.
1950. Gray's manual of botany, 8th edition. The American Book Co., N. Y., lxiv + 1632 pp.
1952. The University of Kansas Natural History Reservation. Univ. Kansas Mus. Nat. Hist. Misc. Publ. no. 4: 1-38.
1956. The molluscan record of succession on the University of Kansas Natural History Reservation. Trans. Kans. Acad. Sci. 59(4).
1948. Climate of Kansas. Rept. Kansas State Board Agric. 67, no. 285, pp. xii + 320.
1952. Mollusca of the University of Kansas Natural History Reservation. Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 34: 1013-1053, 2 pls.
1854. "The Tourist" [Column]. The Kansas Herald of Freedom, 1 (no. 1) Wakarusa, Kansas Terr., October 21, 1854.
1899. Kansas; its interior and exterior life including a full view of its settlement, political history, social life, climate, soil, productions, scenery, etc. Journal Publishing Co., Lawrence, Kansas (10th ed.) xi + 438 pp.
1950. The great sandy desert. Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci., 53: 441-442.
MS. As I knew them--early settlers of Grant Township--Douglas Co., Kansas. Univ. Kansas Library, 26 pp.
With the exception of the typographical correction noted below, the text in this file is that presented in the original printed version. Minor corrections of missing periods or commas may have been made; but are not reported here. Some of the text was rearranged so that figures and tables do not split paragraphs.
