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ISSUED IN ENGLISH BY THE BUREAU OF AGRICULTURE
The Government of the Philippine Islands Department of Public Instruction
(Entered at the post office at Manila as second-class matter.)
Page. Editorial 3 Citrus Fruits in the Philippines 5 By-products of Sugar Manufacture 29 Coffee in the Philippines 39 Cane-juice Clarification 47 Book Review: "La Fabricación de Azucar Blanco en los Ingenios" 56 Current Notes: First Quarter--Shield Budding the Mango; Experiments in Shield Budding; Improvement of Tropical Fruits in the Philippines; Petioled vs. nonpetioled Budwood; New Sugar Industry; World's Sugar Supply; Progress in Sugar Manufacture 57
Plate I. Plant propagation shed at Lamao Experiment Station Frontispiece. Facing page-- II. Citrus Fruits: (a) Talamisan; (b) Tizon; (c) Philippine Pomelo 16 III. Herbarium Specimens of Citrus: (a) Talamisan; (b) Alemow; (c) Limao 16 IV. Citrus Fruits: (a) Canol; (b) Cabuyao; (c) Limao 16 V. Herbarium Specimens of Citrus: (a) Canci; (b) Cabuyao; (c) Biasong 16 VI. Citrus Fruits: (a) Tihi-tihi; (b) Biasong; (c) Alemow 16 VII. Herbarium Specimens of Citrus: (a) Colo-Colo; (b) Samuyao; (c) Balincolong 16
It is supposed that the sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum) was originally found in India, probably in the region of the Ganges. There is no sugar cane known anywhere to-day in the wild state although there are several species of mammoth grasses closely akin to this plant.
As various portions of the earth's surface were explored and finally settled the sugar industry was extended until to-day one finds it flourishing in practically all tropical countries and many subtropical countries as well. Perhaps the last semitropical region to attempt this industry in a commercial way was the State of Arizona, U. S. A., where the desert wastes were turned into flourishing beet and cane fields by the aid of irrigation from the Government storage dam.
During the reign of Napoleon in France trade in the sugars from British and other foreign possessions was destroyed by the war with England but this decline in the cane-sugar trade served only as an impetus to the new beet-sugar industry then being started. In the meantime there was such a dearth of sugar and such a fabulous rise in prices, that attempts were made to secure sugar from various plants and fruits growing in France, such as beets, sorghum, maize, grapes, apples, pears, figs, etc.