Viktor Anpilov (; 2 October 1945 — 15 January 2018) was a Russian hardline Communist politician and trade unionist. He was born in Belaya Glina, Krasnodar Krai. Anpilov joined the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in 1972. He worked as a Soviet journalist in Latin America.
In 1990, Anpilov was nominated as candidate for the Congress of People's Deputies and Moscow city Soviet. After the fall of the Soviet Union, Anpilov became the leader of the movement Labour Russia.
During the 1993 Russian constitutional crisis, he was one of the leaders of the anti-Boris Yeltsin uprising. In 2007 he took part in the Dissenters March organized to protest against president Vladimir Putin policies.
Anpilov died in Moscow of complications from a stroke on 15 January 2018 at the age of 72.