Produced by Chris Curnow, Albert László (bertzi), Charlie Howard, and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive)
[Illustration: THE WRIGHT AEROPLANE IN FRANCE IN 1908.
It will be seen that there are two passengers on the aeroplane, one being Mr. Wilbur Wright, the other a pupil.]
NEW YORK AND LONDON THE GOODHUE COMPANY PUBLISHERS MDCCCCX
Geographical knowledge of the ancient Egyptians, p. 5--The mariner's compass, p. 7--Reference to the thirty-two points of the compass by Chaucer, p. 9--Halley's observations on the changes in the direction of the compass in a century, p. 10--Deviation of the compass, p. 11--The voyage of the _Carnegie_, the non-magnetic ship, p. 12--The "dip of the needle" first observed by Robert Norman, p. 13--The modern compass invented by Lord Kelvin, p. 14--Sailing by dead reckoning, p. 14--The invention of the "log," p. 15--The modern log, p. 17--The development of the sextant, p. 18--The astrolabe, p. 19--The quadrant invented by Hadley, p. 20--The perfected sextant, p. 21--Perfecting the chronometer, p. 23--The timepieces invented by the British carpenter, John Harrison, p. 25--The prize won by Harrison, p. 27--Finding time without a chronometer, p. 28--The _Nautical Almanac_, p. 30--Ascertaining the ship's longitude, p. 31--Difficulties of "taking the sun" at noon, p. 33--Measuring a degree of latitude, p. 34--The observations of Robert Norman, p. 35--The function of the _Nautical Almanac_, p. 37--Soundings and charts, p. 41--Mercator's projection, p. 44--The lure of the unknown, p. 45--The quest of the Pole, p. 47--Commander Peary's achievement, p. 49--How observations are made in arctic regions, p. 50--Making observations at the Pole, p. 52--Difficulties as to direction at the Pole, p. 54.
Use of sails in ancient times, p. 56--Ships with many banks of oars, p. 57--Mediæval ships, p. 59--Modern sailing ships, p. 60--The sailing record of _The Sovereign of the Seas_, p. 60--Early attempts to invent a steamboat, p. 63--Robert Fulton's _Clermont_, p. 64--The steamboat of Blasco de Gary, p. 66--The _Charlotte Dundas_, p. 67--The steamboat invented by Col. John Stevens, p. 68--Fulton designs the _Clermont_, p. 71--The historic trip of the _Clermont_ up the Hudson, p. 71--Sea-going steamships, p. 73--Ships built of iron and steel, p. 74--The _Great Eastern_, p. 76--Principal dimensions of the _Great Eastern_, p. 78--Twin-screw vessels, p. 80--The triumph of the turbine, p. 81--The _Lusitania_ and _Mauretania_, p. 82--Submarine signalling, p. 83--The rescue of the _Republic_, p. 84--How the submarine signalling device works, p. 86--The _Olympic_ and _Titanic_, p. 90--Liquid fuel, p. 90--Advantages and disadvantages of liquid fuel, p. 91.