The Battle of Lochaber was a battle fought in 1429, in the Scottish Highlands, between the forces of Alexander of Islay, Earl of Ross, Lord of the Isles and chief of Clan Donald against the Royalist army of King James I of Scotland.
It is known as the Battle of Split Allegiances among the Camerons. This is explained either by the fact that they deserted Alexander when faced with the prospect of supporting him as their feudal lord against their king, or that different factions in the clan lined up on both sides.
Background
Lochaber was part of Princess Margaret's dowry when she married John Macdonald (John of Islay), Lord of the Isles, in the mid 14th century. In turn their eldest son, Donald Macdonald, Lord of the Isles, gave the lordship of Lochaber to his younger brother, Alexander. Robert Stewart, Duke of Albany, enemy of the Macdonalds, took effective control of the north of Scotland towards the end of the reign of his father Robert II, in the absence of the young King James I, who was a prisoner of England's kings (first Richard II, then King Henry IV and then King Henry V).
Albany's power increased during the reign (1390–1406) of his ineffective elder brother Robert III. He then became regent whilst James I was held captive in England. After Albany's death in 1420, the Scots paid a ransom to release James. James returned in 1424 determined to bring his kingdom to heel; one of his first acts was to execute most of Albany's heirs and restore the Earldom of Ross to the Macdonalds. Albany's grandson James Mór rebelled, attacking Dumbarton and killing the King's uncle John Stewart of Dundonald, but was driven into exile in Ireland and died in 1429.
Throughout the 15th century the Lords of the Isles attempted to secure their lands on the mainland of Scotland. In particular, Donald of Islay, Lord of the Isles claimed the Earldom of Ross through his marriage to Mariota (Margaret), Countess of Ross. He had claimed this territory while Albany was ruling as Regent and then successfully pursued his claim by right of the sword in 1411 at the Battle of Harlaw near Inverurie. Margaret's niece Euphemia inherited the title in 1402 but in 1415 was persuaded by Albany to take the veil and resign her rights in favor of Albany's son John Stewart, Earl of Buchan but he was not the proper heir and that did not last.
Mariota ignored the transfer and claimed that she had inherited the title on Euphemia's death in 1424, whilst Buchan's death the same year gave his first cousin King James a "highly dubious claim" to the title. However, in 1424 James confirmed Mariota as Countess of Ross. In 1437, King James was murdered. After the king’s death, Alexander was recognized as the Earl of Ross, possibly as a result of action by the Regents appointed for the young King James II (then age 6). The lands of Buchan, too, fell to Alexander at this time. In 1440, Alexander's mother Mariota died and her son Alexander, Lord of the Isles officially inherited the title.
In August of 1428, following King James' general council at Perth, he traveled to Inverness with a large royal entourage, calling for a "parliament" at Inverness Castle at which Alexander, Mariota and 'nearly all the notable men of the north' were promptly arrested as they arrived. One theory is that James wanted to replace Alexander with his uncle John Mór as Lord of the Isles to divide the Lordship, but he was forced to release Alexander either as a result of John's murder or as a precondition set by John before he would negotiate. Some sources say Alexander was imprisoned for a few weeks, others say a few months; still others say for a year. Three other chiefs were executed. In the end the earldom remained with Alexander Macdonald and Clan Donald.
Campaign
This leads to the suggestion that John Mor's son Donald Balloch wanted revenge for his father's murder by the king. Alexander, too, would have wanted revenge for the king's treachery and the killing of his kin at Inverness. His great-nephew's Raid on Ross in 1491 provides a possible template – capture the garrison at Inverness, then head north to ravage the lands of royalist sympathizers in Ross.