───────────────┬─────────────┬─────────────┬─────────────┬────────────── Section │Area in Terms│ Hydraulic │ Vert. Dia. │ Source │ Vertical │ Radius in │_D_ in Terms │ │ Diameter │ terms of │ of Dia. _d_ │ │Squared _D_^2│Vertical Dia.│of Equivalent│ │ │ _D_ │ Circular │ │ │ │ Section │ ───────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────┼────────────── Circular │ 0.7854│ 0.250 │1.000 │ Egg │ 0.5150│ .1931│1.295 │Eng. Record, │ │ │ │ Vol. 72: 608 Ovoid │ 0.5650│ .2070│1.208 │Eng. Record, │ │ │ │ Vol. 72: 608 Semi-elliptical│ 0.8176│ .2487│1.041 │Eng. News, │ │ │ │ Vol. 71: 552 Catenary │ 0.6625│ .2237│1.1175 │Eng. Record, │ │ │ │ Vol. 72: 608 Horseshoe │ 0.8472│ .2536│0.985 │Eng. Record, │ │ │ │ Vol. 72: 608 Basket handle │ 0.8313│ .2553│0.979 │Eng. Record, │ │ │ │ Vol. 72: 608 Rectangular │ 1.3125│ .2865│0.7968 │Hydraulic │ │ │ │ Dgms. and │ │ │ │ Tbls. │ │ │ │ Garrett Square (3 sides│ 1.0000│ .333 │0.7500 │Eng. Record, wet) │ │ │ │ Vol. 72: 608 Square (4 sides│ 1.0000│ .250 │1.0000 │Eng. Record, wet) │ │ │ │ Vol. 72: 608 ───────────────┴─────────────┴─────────────┴─────────────┴──────────────
1. Standard Egg-shaped Section, North Shore Intercepter, Chicago, Illinois. ]
2. Rectangular Section, Omaha, Nebraska, Eng. Contracting, Vol. 46, p. 49. ]
3. Trench in firm ground. 4. Trench in Rock.
NOTE.—Underdrains and Wedges to be used only when Ordered by the Engineer. ]
7. Brick and Concrete Sewer showing cunette. ]
8. Brick and Concrete Sewer, Evanston, Ill., Eng. Contracting, Vol. 46, p. 227. ]
1. Tunnel Sections. 2. Open Cut Sections. ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Type A. Type B. Type C. Type D. Where Rock Where Rock Where Rock Where Rock 16′ 6″ Where Rock is more is more is between drops below Sewer. 25′ is above than 16′ than 7′ Springing Springing Fill Springing above and less Line and 7′ Line on Line Springing than 16′ above either Line. above Springing Side. Springing Line on Line on both Sides. both Sides.
Mill Creek Sewer, St. Louis, Eng. Record, Vol. 70, pp. 434, 435.
3. Circular Concrete Section in Soft and Hard Ground, Eng. Record, Vol. 59, p. 570. ]
4. Semi-Elliptical Section, Louisville, Ky., Eng. News, Vol. 62, p. 416. ]